Epstein Files Full PDF

CLICK HERE
Technopedia Center
PMB University Brochure
Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education
teknopedia

  • Registerasi
  • Brosur UTI
  • Kip Scholarship Information
  • Performance
Flag Counter
  1. World Encyclopedia
  2. Independent Journal Review - Wikipedia
Independent Journal Review - Wikipedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American news and opinion website based in Alexandria, Virginia

Independent Journal Review
Type of businessPrivate
Type of site
News aggregation, blogging, journalism
Available inEnglish
Founded2012; 14 years ago (2012)
HeadquartersAlexandria, Virginia, U.S.[1][2]
OwnerMedia Group of America
FounderAlex Skatell
Key peopleAlex Skatell
IndustryNews
URLijr.com
AdvertisingYes
Launched2012
Current statusActive

The Independent Journal Review (IJR, stylized as IJR.) is a conservative[3][4][5][6][7] American news and opinion website based in Alexandria, Virginia.[1][2] The publication was founded in 2012 by Alex Skatell.[8][9] Skatell serves as its CEO, with Camden Stuebe as President and Shushanna Walshe, former political director at ABC News as the Editor-At-Large.[10][11] The site covers general interest topics from a conservative point of view, including politics, culture, entertainment, and viral news content.[12]

History

[edit]
Part of a series on
Conservatism
in the United States
Schools
  • Compassionate
  • Fiscal
  • Fusion
  • Liberal
  • Libertarian
  • Moderate
  • Movement
  • Nationalist
    • Christian
  • Neo-
  • Paleo-
  • Postliberal
  • Progressive
  • Social
  • Straussian
  • Traditionalist
  • Western
Principles
  • American exceptionalism
  • Anti-communism
  • Constitutionalism
  • Familialism
  • Family values
  • Federalism
    • States' rights
    • Subsidiarity
  • Gender essentialism
  • Judeo-Christian values
  • Individualism
  • Law and order
  • Limited government
  • Meritocracy
    • Natural aristocracy
  • Militarism
    • Peace through strength
  • Moral absolutism
  • Natalism
    • Pro-life
  • Natural law
  • Ordered liberty
  • Patriotism
  • Property rights
  • Republicanism
  • Right to bear arms
  • Rule of law
  • Supply-side economics
  • Tradition
  • Zionism
    • Christian
History
  • Loyalists
  • Federalist Era
  • Southern chivalry
  • Redeemers
  • Boston Brahmins
  • Solid South
  • New Humanism
  • Dunning School
  • Southern Agrarians
  • Old Right
  • Conservative Manifesto
  • Conservative coalition
  • America First Committee
  • McCarthyism
  • Goldwater campaign
  • New Right
  • Reagan era
    • Reagan Doctrine
    • Reaganomics
  • Republican Revolution
  • Tea Party movement
  • Neo- vs. paleoconservatism
  • Agenda 47
Intellectuals
  • Adams
  • Anton
  • Babbitt
  • Bacevich
  • Bell
  • Bellow
  • Bloom
  • Boorstin
  • Bradford
  • Buckley
  • Burgess
  • Burnham
  • Calhoun
  • Chambers
  • Conquest
  • Deneen
  • Eliot
  • Francis
  • George
  • Genovese
  • Gottfried
  • Hanson
  • Hardin
  • Hazony
  • Himmelfarb
  • Hoppe
  • Hurston
  • Jaffa
  • Kimball
  • Kirk (Russell)
  • Kirkpatrick
  • Knight
  • Kristol
  • Laffer
  • Kuehnelt-Leddihn
  • Lind
  • Lovecraft
  • Loury
  • Lukacs
  • Mansfield
  • Mencken
  • Meyer
  • Murray
  • Nisbet
  • Pangle
  • Ransom
  • Rieff
  • Rushdoony
  • Santayana
  • Schaeffer
  • Sowell
  • Strauss
  • Vermeule
  • Viereck
  • Voegelin
  • Wattenberg
  • Weaver
  • Wolfe
Politicians
  • Abbott
  • Adams
  • Bolton
  • Buchanan
  • Bush (George H. W.)
  • Bush (George W.)
  • Calhoun
  • Clay
  • Cheney
  • Coolidge
  • Cruz
  • DeSantis
  • Dirksen
  • Dole
  • Eisenhower
  • Gingrich
  • Goldwater
  • Hamilton
  • Harding
  • Helms
  • Hoover (Herbert)
  • Huckabee
  • Johnson
  • Kissinger
  • Lodge
  • Luce
  • McCain
  • McCarthy (Joseph)
  • McCarthy (Kevin)
  • McConnell
  • McKinley
  • Meese
  • Nixon
  • Palin
  • Paul (Rand)
  • Paul (Ron)
  • Pence
  • Randolph
  • Reagan
  • Romney
  • Roosevelt (Theodore)
  • Rubio
  • Rumsfeld
  • Ryan
  • Sessions
  • Sherman
  • Taft (Robert)
  • Taft (William)
  • Thune
  • Thurmond
  • Trump
  • Vance
  • Wallace
  • Wolfowitz
Jurists
  • Alito
  • Barrett
  • Bork
  • Burger
  • Fuller
  • Gorsuch
  • Kavanaugh
  • Kennedy
  • O'Connor
  • Rehnquist
  • Roberts (John)
  • Scalia
  • Sutherland
  • Taft (William)
  • Thomas (Clarence)
Commentators
  • Beck
  • Bongino
  • Breitbart
  • Brooks
  • Buckley
  • Caldwell
  • Carlson
  • Cass
  • Coulter
  • D'Souza
  • Derbyshire
  • Dreher
  • Elder
  • Goldberg
  • Grant
  • Van den Haag
  • Hannity
  • Hart
  • Herberg
  • Ingraham
  • Jones
  • Kelly
  • Knowles
  • Krauthammer
  • Lahren
  • Levin
  • Limbaugh
  • Mac Donald
  • Neuhaus
  • Ngo
  • North
  • Novak
  • O'Reilly
  • Owens
  • Podhoretz
  • Pool
  • Possony
  • Prager
  • Robertson
  • Shapiro
  • Shlaes
  • Walsh
  • Watters
  • Weyl
  • Wheeler
  • Will
  • Wintrich
  • Woods
Activists
  • Abramoff
  • Agostinelli
  • Andreessen
  • Atwater
  • Bannon
  • Bennett
  • Bezmenov
  • Bozell
  • Cohn
  • Dans
  • Dobson
  • Falwell
  • Feulner
  • Flynn
  • Gabriel
  • Gaines
  • Hegseth
  • Horowitz
  • Kirk (Charlie)
  • Krikorian
  • Kristol
  • LaHaye
  • Lindell
  • Lindbergh
  • Leo
  • McEntee
  • Mercer (Rebekah)
  • Mercer (Robert)
  • Miller
  • Murdoch
  • Musk
    • political views
  • O'Keefe
  • Park
  • Phillips
  • Posobiec
  • Powell
  • Raichik
  • Reed
  • Regnery
  • Roberts (Kevin)
  • Rove
  • Rufo
  • Scaife
  • Schlafly (Andrew)
  • Schlafly (Phyllis)
  • Stone
  • Thiel
  • Thomas (Ginni)
  • Weyrich
  • Wiles
  • Wood
Literature
  • The Federalist Papers (1788)
  • Democracy in America (1835–1840)
  • Notes on Democracy (1926)
  • I'll Take My Stand (1930)
  • The Managerial Revolution (1941)
  • Ideas Have Consequences (1948)
  • God and Man at Yale (1951)
  • The Conservative Mind (1953)
  • The Conscience of a Conservative (1960)
  • A Choice Not an Echo (1964)
  • A Conflict of Visions (1987)
  • The Closing of the American Mind (1987)
  • The Death of the West (2001)
  • Hillbilly Elegy (2016)
  • The Benedict Option (2017)
  • Why Liberalism Failed (2018)
Parties
Active
  • American Party
  • American Independent Party
  • Conservative Party
    • NY state
  • Constitution Party
  • Republican Party
Defunct
  • Anti-Masonic Party
  • Constitutional Union Party
  • Democratic Party (historically, factions)
    • Boll weevils
    • Bourbon Democrats
    • Conservative Democrats
    • Dixiecrats
    • Reagan Democrats
    • Southern Democrats
  • Rhode Island Suffrage Party
  • Federalist Party
  • National Republican Party
  • Native American Party
  • Whig Party
Think tanks
  • Acton Institute
  • AdTI
  • AFPI
  • AEI
  • AFP
  • CSP
  • CfNI
  • Claremont Institute
  • CEI
  • CSPC
  • EPPC
  • FRI
  • Gatestone Institute
  • Heartland Institute
  • The Heritage Foundation
    • Heritage Action
    • Mandate for Leadership
    • Project Esther
    • Project 2025
  • Hoover Institution
  • Hudson Institute
  • ISI
  • James Madison Program
  • Leadership Institute
  • Manhattan Institute
  • Mises Institute
  • PRI
  • PNAC (defunct)
  • Ripon Society
  • R Street Institute
  • Rockford Institute
  • SPN
  • Sutherland Institute
  • Tax Foundation
  • Witherspoon Institute
Media
Newspapers
  • Chicago Tribune
  • The Epoch Times
  • New York Post
  • The Remnant
  • The Wall Street Journal (editorial board)
  • The Washington Times
Journals
  • American Affairs
  • The American Conservative
  • The American Spectator
  • American Thinker
  • City Journal
  • Claremont Review of Books
  • Commentary
  • Compact
  • Chronicles
  • The Dispatch
  • First Things
  • The Imaginative Conservative
  • Jewish World Review
  • Modern Age
  • National Affairs
  • The National Interest
  • National Review
  • The New American
  • The New Atlantis
  • The New Criterion
  • Policy Review (defunct)
  • Southern Partisan
  • Spectator USA
  • Tablet
  • Taki's Magazine
  • Telos
  • Washington Examiner
  • The Weekly Standard (defunct)
TV channels
  • CBN
  • Fox Business
  • Fox News
  • Newsmax TV
  • One America News Network
  • Real America's Voice
  • VOZ
Websites
  • 1819 News
  • Babylon Bee
  • Breitbart News
  • The Bulwark
  • Campus Reform
  • The Center Square
  • Conservative Review
  • Daily Caller
  • Daily Signal
  • Daily Wire
  • Discover the Networks
  • The Federalist
  • Gateway Pundit
  • Hot Air
  • Human Events
  • Independent Journal Review
  • InfoWars
  • Jihad Watch
  • LifeZette
  • RedState
  • The Dispatch
  • Washington Examiner
  • The Washington Free Beacon
  • The Western Journal
  • WorldNetDaily
Other
  • Blaze Media
  • Encounter Books
  • Evie Magazine
  • The First
  • Imprimis
  • The Political Cesspool
  • PragerU
  • RealClearPolitics
  • Regnery Publishing
  • RSBN
  • The Rubin Report
  • Sinclair Broadcast Group
  • White House Wire
Other organizations
Congressional caucuses
  • Second Amendment Caucus
  • RSC
  • Freedom Caucus
  • Republican Main Street Partnership
Economics
  • ATR
  • Club for Growth
  • FreedomWorks (defunct)
  • NFIB
  • NTU
  • Tea Party Patriots
  • USCC
Gun rights
  • GOA
  • NAGR
  • NRA
Identity politics
  • ACT!
  • CWA
  • GAG
  • IWF
  • LCR
  • Moms for Liberty
Nativist
  • CIS
  • FAIR
  • Immigration Restriction League
  • NumbersUSA
  • Oath Keepers
  • Patriot Prayer
  • Proud Boys
  • Three Percenters
Religion
  • ADF
    • Court cases
  • ACLJ
  • AFA
  • The American TFP
  • Chalcedon Foundation
  • CCA
  • Christian Voice
  • Eagle Forum
  • FCR
  • The Fellowship
  • FFC
  • Focus on the Family
  • Foundation for Moral Law
  • Liberty Counsel
  • Moral Majority (defunct)
  • NOM
  • NRLC
  • PTMC
  • Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America
  • Thomas More Law Center
Watchdog groups
  • AIM
  • Econ Journal Watch
  • Franklin News Foundation
  • JW
  • MRC
  • O'Keefe Media Group
  • Project Veritas
Youth/student groups
  • NJC
  • TPUSA
  • Young Americans for Freedom
  • Young America's Foundation
  • YAL
Social media
  • Gab
  • Gettr
  • Parler
  • The Right Stuff
Miscellaneous
  • The 85 Fund
  • AHI
  • ACU
  • AFPAC
  • Bradley Foundation
  • TCC
  • CNP
  • CPAC
  • Hillsdale College
  • IFF
  • JBS
  • John M. Olin Foundation (defunct)
  • Liberty Fund
  • The Lincoln Project
  • LU
  • NAS
  • Philadelphia Society
  • Regent University
  • Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal
  • TPPF
Other
  • AFL
  • Atlas Network
  • Bradley Impact Fund
  • CN
  • ConservAmerica
  • Donors Trust
  • FedSoc
  • NCPAC
  • PJI
  • TPAction
  • SACR
  • YRNF
  • Ziklag
Movements
  • Asian and Pacific Islander
  • Black
  • Christian right
  • Female
  • Green
  • Hispanic and Latino
  • LGBTQ
  • MAGA
    • Trumpism
    • Never Trump
  • Militia movement
  • Monarchism
  • Parental rights movement
    • Fathers' rights
  • Patriot movement
  • Radical right
  • Right-libertarianism
    • Paleolibertarianism
  • Secessionism
    • Neo-Confederates
    • Texas
Related
  • Barstool conservatism
  • Bibliography of US conservatism
  • Conservative talk radio
  • List of American conservatives
  • Timeline of modern American conservatism
  • Conservatism portal
  • flag United States portal
  • v
  • t
  • e

Founding and early expansion

[edit]

In 2012, Alex Skatell, a former digital director of the National Republican Senatorial Committee, launched the Independent Journal Review, using $40,000 that Skatell had earned via a software application that he developed at college and $20,000 borrowed from his parents. He believed that there was a gap in the market for a publication that would appeal to "a more mainstream center-right audience" and began aggregating news stories on a Facebook page called Conservative Daily. Skatell promoted the page and later launched the Independent Journal Review.[1]

Skatell then teamed up with Phil Musser, a former executive director of the Republican Governors Association, to launch IMGE and Media Group of America. Atkinson then hired a staff of writers and editors to contribute to and grow the journal.[1] In 2012, Skatell hired Bert Atkinson as chief editor.[13] By November 2014, the organization employed over 62 staff across Media Group of America.[14]

The site attracted an audience that largely lived outside Washington D.C. political circles that had broader interests than average consumers of political news.[15]

In March 2015, the site was named "Best New Publisher of the Year" by Digiday.[16]

In June 2015, IJR hired Benny Johnson as a "creative director" from National Review.[17] Johnson had previously worked at BuzzFeed, being fired after plagiarizing content from other websites.[18][19]

2016 election cycle

[edit]

During the 2015 campaign season, a number of Independent Journal Review political videos acquired national attention, such as Lindsey Graham destroying his cell phone [20] and Ted Cruz making "machine gun bacon."[21]

Then, Independent Journal Review partnered with ABC News to host the Republican Presidential Debate on February 6, 2016.[22][23]

During the 2016 election, Independent Journal Review was listed in the top 10 websites engaged per news story on Facebook.[24] In November 2016, Independent Journal Review became one of the first two digital media companies accepted into the News Media Alliance, formerly the Newspaper Association of America.[25][26]

Post-2016 election

[edit]

In January 2017, the website was noted for being the first major U.S. news outlet to confirm that Judge Neil Gorsuch would be nominated by president Donald Trump for the Supreme Court, news which failed to spread quickly due to other media outlets' distrust of the Review.[27]

During United States Secretary of State Rex Tillerson's diplomatic trip to Asia in March 2017, the Independent Journal Review was the only news publication invited to send a reporter to accompany the trip.[28]

Several key members of the Independent Journal Review's editorial staff, including Benny Johnson and Kyle Becker, were suspended in March 2017 over an opinion piece on former President Barack Obama's visit to Hawaii prior to a judge's ruling on the travel ban.[29] Becker later resigned from IJR, and Johnson was fired from Independent Journal Review in October 2017.[30]

In May 2017, Haley Byrd, a congressional reporter for the Independent Journal Review, said she was kicked out of the Speaker's Lobby in the U.S. Capitol because she was wearing a sleeveless dress; Byrd says she was told that she was violating the rules.[31]

In July 2017, IMGE CEO Phil Musser purchased IMGE and formally split the agency out of Media Group of America.[32] A few months later, in September 2017, Musser was named Senior Vice President of Communications at Boeing and left IMGE to a new leadership group.[33] In mid-2017, IJR launched conservative and liberal verticals, IJR Red and IJR Blue[10] to transparently present a variety of perspectives around conversations across the United States.[34]

In November 2017, IJR was one of a handful of media publications, including The Washington Post, The Economist, Mic, The Globe and Mail, and others, to participate in the launch of "Trust Indicators" by The Trust Project.[35] According to the Trust Project, 'Trust Indicators' are markings within published news articles that denote to readers the news websites' commitment to increased journalistic and ethical standards in reporting. The Trust Project is described as a consortium of top news companies working collectively to transparency standards and increase accountability in journalism, and is headed by Sally Lehrman.[36]

In 2018, IJR laid off 15 employees following a drop in traffic and changes to the Facebook algorithm, which started downplaying the publication's news stories in users’ feeds.[37]

As of 2025, Madison Summers is editor-in-chief of IJR. Summers has been with the publication since 2018.[38][39][40][better source needed]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Kaufman, Leslie (November 2, 2014). "Independent Journal Review Website Becomes a Draw for Conservatives". The New York Times. New York City. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
  2. ^ a b "About – Independent Journal Review". Independent Journal Review. Alexandria, Virginia: Media Group of America. Archived from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
  3. ^ David Karpf (2016). Analytic Activism: Digital Listening and the New Political Strategy. Oxford University Press. pp. 124–. ISBN 978-0-19-026615-8.
  4. ^ Kaufman, Leslie (3 November 2014). "Independent Journal Review Website Becomes a Draw for Conservatives". The New York Times. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
  5. ^ Darcy, Oliver. "Independent Journal Review asks employees to sign new noncompete as top talent continues to leave". CNNMoney. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
  6. ^ "Video producer to depart conservative site". Politico. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
  7. ^ Sommer, Will (2018-02-16). "Millennial conservative site lays off staff after Facebook change". The Hill. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
  8. ^ Heath, Thomas (January 6, 2015). "IJReview gets $1.5 M funding, led by GOP politico and investor Pete Snyder". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.: Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  9. ^ Wright, Penelope (2025-05-09). "Independent Journal Review: A Unique Voice in Digital Media, Redefining Conservative Journalism in the Digital Age". Lawgaze. Retrieved 2025-11-20.
  10. ^ a b "About Us". IJR. 17 September 2018. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  11. ^ Peters, Jennifer (2020-08-06). "5 Answers with Alex Skatell, Executive Director, Independent Journal Review | News/Media Alliance". Retrieved 2025-11-20.
  12. ^ "Independent Journal Review | Organization | C-SPAN.org". www.c-span.org. Retrieved 2025-11-19.
  13. ^ Kaufman, Leslie (2014-11-02). "Independent Journal Review Website Becomes a Draw for Conservatives". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  14. ^ Kaufman, Leslie (2014-11-02). "Independent Journal Review Website Becomes a Draw for Conservatives". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  15. ^ Miller, Katherine (November 27, 2013). "The Right Wing Has Its Own Upworthy And You Won't Believe How Well It's Doing". BuzzFeed. New York City: BuzzFeed News. Retrieved November 25, 2014.
  16. ^ "Digiday Publishing Awards: New York Times, Refinery29 take top honors". Digiday. 2015-03-19. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  17. ^ "Why hiring Benny Johnson is a smart play for National Review". Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  18. ^ Terris, Ben (June 9, 2015). "Benny Johnson got fired at BuzzFeed. You will believe what happened next". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.: Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved June 9, 2015.
  19. ^ Gold, Hadas; Shutt, Jennifer (July 26, 2014). "BuzzFeed fires Benny Johnson for plagiarism". Politico. Arlington County, Virginia: Capitol News Company. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
  20. ^ Kelly, Conor (July 22, 2015). "Lindsey Graham Just Destroyed His Cellphone To Spite Donald Trump". ABC News. New York City: ABC. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
  21. ^ Ted Cruz teaches the world how to properly cook bacon ... using a machine-gun
  22. ^ Gold, Hadas (7 February 2016). "Independent Journal Review's big debate moment". Politico. Arlington County, Virginia: Capitol News Company. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
  23. ^ ABC News Press (February 4, 2016). "ABC News Hosts "New Hampshire: The Republicans Debate" in Partnership with WMUR, Independent Journal Review, RNC and Saint Anselm College". ABC News. New York City: ABC. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
  24. ^ Corcoran, Liam (November 10, 2016). "These Were the Biggest Election Day Publishers on Facebook". NewsWhip. New York City: Blogger. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
  25. ^ Stroh, Sean (November 4, 2016). "The Newspaper Association of America Rebrands as the News Media Alliance". Editor & Publisher. Irvine, California: Duncan McIntosh Co. Archived from the original on November 5, 2016. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  26. ^ Wang, Shan (September 6, 2016). "Who are the first digital members of the newspaper industry's club? Billy Penn's owner and IJ Review". Nieman Foundation for Journalism. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Nieman Fellowship. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  27. ^ Gold, Hadas (February 1, 2017). "Meet the website that scooped the world on Gorsuch". Politico. Arlington County, Virginia: Capitol News Company. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  28. ^ Yuhas, Alan (March 18, 2017). "Rex Tillerson defends blocking reporters from diplomatic trip to Asia". The Guardian. Kings Place, London. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  29. ^ Farhi, Paul (March 24, 2017). "A conservative news crack-up? Things just got real for some partisan personalities". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.: Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  30. ^ Fischer, Sara (October 20, 2017). "Scoop: Benny Johnson out at Independent Journal Review". Axios. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
  31. ^ "Are sleeveless dresses "appropriate attire"? Congress doesn't think so". CBS News. New York City: CBS. July 7, 2017. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
  32. ^ "IMGE breaks from IJR". Axios. 2017-07-25. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  33. ^ "Phil Musser takes top Boeing job; new partners to lead IMGE". Axios. 2017-09-07. Retrieved 2017-11-17.
  34. ^ "How IJR plans to burst the filter bubble with a dose of The Resistance – Digiday". Digiday. 2017-05-11. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  35. ^ "Facebook, Google, Twitter and media outlets fight hoaxes with 'trust indicators'". USA Today. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  36. ^ Lehrman, Sally (October 16, 2014). "Online Chaos Demands Radical Action by Journalism to Earn Trust". Markkula Center for Ethics. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
  37. ^ Concha, Joe (February 16, 2018). "Millennial conservative site lays off staff after Facebook change". The Hill.
  38. ^ Summers, Madison. "Breaking: Former Vice President Dick Cheney Dies at 84". IJR. Retrieved 2025-11-19.
  39. ^ "Breaking: Trump Says They Believe to Have Suspect of Charlie Kirk Murder". IJR. 2025-09-12. Retrieved 2025-11-19.
  40. ^ "Madison Summers at IJR - Independent Journal Review | Contact Details | Prowly". prowly.com. Retrieved 2025-11-19.

External links

[edit]
  • Official website
Retrieved from "https://teknopedia.ac.id/w/index.php?title=Independent_Journal_Review&oldid=1323369106"
Categories:
  • American news websites
  • American conservative websites
  • Internet properties established in 2012
Hidden categories:
  • Articles with short description
  • Short description is different from Wikidata
  • All articles lacking reliable references
  • Articles lacking reliable references from November 2025

  • indonesia
  • Polski
  • العربية
  • Deutsch
  • English
  • Español
  • Français
  • Italiano
  • مصرى
  • Nederlands
  • 日本語
  • Português
  • Sinugboanong Binisaya
  • Svenska
  • Українська
  • Tiếng Việt
  • Winaray
  • 中文
  • Русский
Sunting pranala
url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url
Pusat Layanan

UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA | ASEAN's Best Private University
Jl. ZA. Pagar Alam No.9 -11, Labuhan Ratu, Kec. Kedaton, Kota Bandar Lampung, Lampung 35132
Phone: (0721) 702022
Email: pmb@teknokrat.ac.id