Ensiklopedia Dunia

Technopedia Center

Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education

Itzamkanac - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Itzamkanac
History
Structure 1
Shown within Mexico Show map of Mexico Itzamkanac (Campeche) Show map of Campeche
Location	Mexico
Region	Acalan
Type	Ancient Maya city
Builder	Chontal Maya
Founded	600 BC
Abandoned	1557
Periods	Preclassic - Classic - Postclassic
Cultures	Maya civilization

Itzamkanac, also known as El Tigre, is an ancient Pre-Columbian city and archaeological Maya site located in the municipality of Candelaria in the state of Campeche, Mexico. Itzamkanac was the capital of the pre-Hispanic Acalan province ruled by the Chontal Maya or Putún Maya until the arrival and encounter with the Spanish conquistadors.

Location

Itzamkanac is built on a hill on the banks of the Candelaria River in southwestern Campeche, Mexico. This location gave the site a strategic political position as a river port that developed a great trading and commercial activity with other Maya and Mesoamerican sites.^[1]

Architecture

Itzamkanac is integrated by six architectural complexes and 3 ballgame courts, the ceremonial center covers approximately 5 km² and consists of 2 plazas with large structures and platforms. A large number of monumental stucco masks as decoration of platforms have been discovered in the site, this sculptures represent the faces of rulers divinized with mythological concepts and finely dressed with headdresses.^[2] Structure 1 is a large building with smaller platforms on the top, one of this platforms named Platform 1A is a round temple dedicated to god Kukulkan.^[3]

History

The occupation and development of Itzamkanac began around 600 to 300 BC in the Middle Preclassic period of the Maya civilization, and extended past the end of the Postclassic period, several decades after the arrival and contact with the Spanish conquistadors, then started a period of decadency until it was fully abandoned in 1557. Its peak of development occurred during the terminal classic and postclassic periods, during this time it became the capital of the powerful province of Acalan-Tixchel. Upon the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors, Itzamkanac had a major political power as a great trading port of the Maya region and the city was referenced and documented in several colonial writings.^[4]

In 1525 Hernán Cortés and a group of conquistadors and Mexica prisoners arrived to the province of Acalan passing through its capital Itzamkanac and several of its other towns as part of the route on Cortés trip to Las Hibueras (present-day Honduras), they were well received by Apaxpalon, ruler of Itzamkanac and the province of Acalan. In a city of the province of Acalan known as Taxahá, Cortés executed Cuauhtémoc, the last tlatoani of the Mexicas.^[5]

The Chontal chief of Acalan, Pablo Paxbolon, described in a colonial document known as Papeles de Paxbolón Maldonado (Paxbolón Maldonado Papers) several details about Itzamkanac such as the great cult that the city had towards the god Kukulkan, this could have been the result of the great contact that Itzamkanac had as a great trading point with major centers in central Mexico.^[6]

References

^ "Vela, Enrique (comp.), "El Tigre, Campeche", Arqueología Mexicana, edición especial, núm. 113, p. 28". Arqueología Mexicana. 19 February 2024.
^ INAH, Mediateca. "El Tigre. Campeche, México". www.lugares.inah.gob.mx.
^ "Lugares INAH". www.lugares.inah.gob.mx.
^ "Campeche: Zonas arqueológicas. El Tigre (Itzamkanac)". Sistema de Información Cultural.
^ "Vargas Pacheco, Ernesto, "El viaje de Cortés a Las Hibueras", Arqueología Mexicana, núm. 49, pp. 58-61". Arqueología Mexicana. 23 November 2018.
^ "Descubren una estructura dedicada a Kukulcán durante los trabajos del Promeza en El Tigre, Campeche" (PDF). Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.

v t e Maya sites
Belize	Actun Tunichil Muknal Altun Ha Baking Pot Barton Creek Cave Cahal Pech Caracol Cerros Chaa Creek Colha Cuello El Pilar KaʼKabish Kʼaxob La Milpa Lamanai Louisville Lower Dover Lubaantun Marco Gonzalez Minanha Nim Li Punit Nohmul Nohoch Cheʼen Pacbitun Pusilha San Estevan Santa Rita Tipu Uxbenka Xnaheb Xunantunich
Guatemala	Aguateca Altar de Sacrificios Arroyo de Piedra Balberta Bejucal Cancuén Cerro Quiac Chama Chitinamit Chocolá Chutixtiox Cotzumalhuapa Dos Pilas El Baúl El Chal El Mirador El Perú El Porvenir El Temblor El Tintal El Zotz Guaytán Holmul Holtun Itzan Iximche Ixkun Ixlu Ixtonton Ixtutz Kaminaljuyu Kinal Kʼatepan La Amelia La Blanca La Corona La Joyanca La Muerta Machaquila Mixco Viejo Montana Motul de San José Naachtun Nakbe Nakum Naranjo Pajaral Piedras Negras Punta de Chimino Quiriguá Qʼumarkaj Río Azul Sacul San Bartolo San Clemente Seibal Takalik Abaj Tamarindito Tayasal Tikal Topoxte Tres Islas Uaxactun Ucanal Wajxaklajun Witzna Xultun Yaxha Zacpeten Zaculeu Zapote Bobal
Honduras	Copán El Puente
Mexico	Acanceh Aguada Fénix Aké Balamku Balankanche Becan Bonampak Calakmul Chacchoben Chactún Chicanná Chinkultic Chichen Itza Chunchucmil Chunhuhub Chunlimón Coba Comalcalco Dzibanche Dzibilchaltun Edzna Ekʼ Balam Hormiguero Izamal Izapa Jaina Joljaʼ Kabah Kiuic Kohunlich Komchen Labna La Mar Mayapan Maní Moral Reforma Muyil Ocomtún Oxkintok Palenque Plan de Ayutla Pomona Punta Sur Río Bec San Gervasio Sayil Tamchen Toniná Tortuguero Tulum Uxmal Uxul Valeriana Xcaret Xelha Xlapak Xpuhil Xtampak Yaxchilan Yaxuná Yula Yoʼokop (for more articles see Category:Maya sites in Mexico)
El Salvador	Cara Sucia Casa Blanca Cihuatán Joya de Cerén San Andrés Tazumal
See also: Pre-Columbian era

Categories: