James Stuart (British Army officer, born 1741)

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James Stuart (British Army officer, born 1741) - Wikipedia

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Colonel James Stuart

2nd Military Governor of British Ceylon
In office 1 March 1796 – 1 January 1797
Monarch	George III
Preceded by	Patrick Alexander Agnew
Succeeded by	Welbore Ellis Doyle
1st General Officer Commanding, Ceylon
In office 1796–1796
Preceded by	New Command
Succeeded by	Welbore Ellis Doyle

Personal details
Born	(1741-03-02)2 March 1741 Blairhall Perthshire, Scotland
Died	29 April 1815 Charles Street, Berkeley Square, London
Resting place	St. James's Chapel, London, England
Signature
Military service
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Branch/service	British Army
Rank	General
Commands	General Officer Commanding, Ceylon Madras Army
Battles/wars	American Revolutionary War Second Anglo-Mysore War Third Anglo-Mysore War Fourth Anglo-Mysore War Second Anglo-Maratha War

General James Stuart (1741–1815) was a British Army officer who served in North America during the American Revolutionary War and took part in various campaigns in British India. He was the first General Officer Commanding, Ceylon and second Military Governor of British Ceylon. He was appointed on 1 March 1796 and was Governor until 1 January 1797. He was succeeded by Welbore Ellis Doyle.^[1]

Early life

Stuart was born on 2 March 1741. He was the third son of John Stuart of Blairhall in Perthshire. His mother was Anne, daughter of Francis Stuart, 7th Earl of Moray. Stuart was educated at schools in Culross and Dunfermline, Scotland. He studied law at the University of Edinburgh and then joined the British Army, serving in the American War of Independence.^[2]^[3]

Military career

India and Ceylon

Promoted to major in the 78th Foot, he arrived in India in 1782 and was promoted to lieutenant-colonel^[2] on 14 February. He took part in Sir Eyre Coote's campaign against Hyder in the Second Anglo-Mysore War, and was present at the siege of Cuddalore^[2]^[4] where he commanded the attack on the right of the main position in the assault of 13 July 1782.^[3]

He served in the campaign of 1790, under General Sir William Medows, against Tipu Sultan, attacking the fortresses of Dindigul and Palghaut. He served under Cornwallis during the campaigns of 1791–2, and led the siege of Seringapatam,^[4] commanding the centre column in the assault of 6 February 1792. Promoted to colonel in August, he returned to Madras in 1794.^[3]

Promoted to major-general in 1795, he took command of the expedition against Dutch possessions in Ceylon that year. After the whole island was secured in 1796, Stuart became commander-in-chief in the same year of the forces in Madras.^[3]^[4]

He was made colonel of the 82nd Regiment of Foot in 1797,^[5] transferring the following year to the 72nd Regiment of Foot, a position he held until his death.^[6]

In 1799 he commanded the Bombay Army in the last war against Tipu, which occupied Coorg, and repulsed Tipu at Seedaseer on 6 March. On 15 March he joined with Major General George Harris (afterwards Lord Harris) before the 1799 Battle of Seringapatam^[4] and took charge of the operations on the northern side of the city. After its capture he received the thanks of both Houses of Parliament.^[3]

Later career and death

He became commander-in-chief of the Madras Army in 1801. Promoted to lieutenant-general in 1802,^[2] he took part in the Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1803 but in 1805 returned to England in bad health.^[2] He was promoted to the rank of full general on 1 January 1812.^[2]

He died without issue at Charles Street, Berkeley Square, London, on 29 April 1815 and was buried in a vault in St. James's Chapel, Hampstead Road, London.^[2]^[3]

References

^ "Sri Lanka". Rulers.org. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Stuart, James (1741-1815) - General". mq.edu.au. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ^{[dead link‍]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d C. E. Buckland (1971). Dictionary of Indian Biography. Ardent Media. p. 409.
^ "82nd (The Prince of Wales's Volunteers) Regiment of Foot". regiments.ord. Archived from the original on 19 May 2006. Retrieved 30 August 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^ "72nd (or Duke of Albany's Own Highlanders) Regiment of Foot". regiments.org. Archived from the original on 6 January 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

Government offices
Preceded by Patrick Alexander Agnew	Military Governor of British Ceylon 1796–1797	Succeeded by Welbore Ellis Doyle
Military offices
New office	General Officer Commanding, Ceylon 1796–1797	Succeeded by Welbore Ellis Doyle
Preceded by Robert Abercromby	C-in-C, Bombay Army 1797–1800	Succeeded by Oliver Nicolls
Preceded by John Braithwaite	C-in-C, Madras Army 1801–1804	Succeeded by John Cradock
Military offices
Preceded by Hon. Sir Adam Williamson	Colonel of the 72nd (Highland) Regiment of Foot 1798–1815	Succeeded by Sir Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill
Preceded by Charles Leigh	Colonel of the 82nd (The Prince of Wales's Volunteers) Regiment of Foot 1797–1798	Succeeded by Sir Henry Pigot

v t e ←Governors of British Ceylon
Military Governors	Agnew Stuart Doyle Bonnevaux de Meuron Andrews*
Governors	North Maitland Wilson Brownrigg Barnes Paget Campbell Barnes Wilson Wilmot-Horton Stewart-Mackenzie Campbell Emerson Tennent Torrington MacCarthy Anderson MacCarthy Ward Lockyer Wilkinson MacCarthy O'Brien Robinson Robinson Irving Gregory Longden Douglas Hamilton-Gordon Havelock Walker Ridgeway im Thurn Blake Clifford McCallum Stubbs Chalmers Stubbs Anderson Stubbs Manning Clementi Alexander Clifford Fletcher Stanley Bourdillon Thomson Tyrrell Stubbs Wedderburn Caldecott Moore**
Acting, Resident and Superintendent, became Governor-General of Ceylon*

v t e General Officer Commanding, Ceylon
Stuart Doyle Bonnevaux de Meuron Champagné MacDowall Wemyss Maitland Wilson Brownrigg Jackson Barnes Campbell Lowe Wilson Arbuthnot Campbell Smelt Bainbrigge Reed Lockyer O'Brien Hodson Renny Street Wilby McLeod Lennox Massy Clive-Justice Hobson MacDonald Money Lawrence Allen Malcolm Hackett-Thompson MacFarlane Coffin Higginson Girdwood Shewell Lyon Thurburn Inskip Pownall Tuker

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