Jerung language

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Jerung language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jerung
Native to	Nepal
Region	Janakpur Zone, Sagarmatha Zone
Ethnicity	kirati Jerung
Native speakers	1,800 (2011 census)^[1]
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman Mahakiranti (?) Kiranti Western Chaurasiya Jerung
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`jee`
Glottolog	`jeru1240`
ELP	Jerung

Jerung or Jero is a moribund Kiranti language spoken in Nepal. The native language consultants whom Opgenort (2005) consulted, preferred the term ‘Jero’ to designate the language. The term ‘Jerung’, by contrast, is a toponym used in the names of several villages within the language area as well as the name of a village in the Wambule-speaking area. The Jerung language is mutually intelligible with Wambule. Jerung is spoken by more than 2,000 people living in Okhalḍhuṅgā and Sindhulī districts of eastern Nepal. Gerd Hanßon (1991) claims that there are three to four dialects of Jerung: Madhavpur, Balkhu-Sisneri, and Ratnawati (Sindhuli). However, according to Opgenort's (2005) consultants, there are only two major dialects: a northern dialect, which is spoken in Okhaldhunga District (ओखलढुङ्गा), and a southern dialect, which is spoken in Sindhuli District (सिनधुली).

Geographical distribution

[edit]

Jerung is spoken in the following locations of Nepal (Ethnologue).

Sindhuli District, Janakpur Zone: Bahadur (बहादुर) khola west bank villages, Sunkosi (सुनकोशी) River south to Mohantar (मोहनटार) village (Southern dialect)
Okhaldhunga District, Sagarmatha Zone: Maulang Khola river area, north of the Sunkosi River (Northern dialect)

Phonology

[edit]

Jerung consonants^[2]
		Bilabial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar/Glottal
Plosive	Voiceless	/p/	/t/	/ʈ/	/c/	/k/, /ʔ/
	Aspirated	/p^h/	/t^h/	/ʈ^h/	/c^h/	/k^h/
	Voiced	/b/	/d/	/ɖ/	/ɟ/	/g/
	Breathy	/bʱ/	/dʱ/	/ɖʱ/	/ɟʱ/	/gʱ/
Nasal		/m/	/n/			/ŋ/
Fricative			/s/			/h/
Trill			/r/
Lateral			/l/			/^ʔl/
Approximant		/w/	/y/

Jerung vowels
	Front	Central	Back
Close	/i/ /i:/		/u/ /u:/
Close-mid	/e/		/o/
Open-mid	/ɛ/		/ɔ/ /ʌ/
Open		/a/ /a:/

References

[edit]

^ Jerung at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ Opgenort, Jean Robert (2005-06-01). A Grammar of Jero: With a Historical Comparative Study of the Kiranti Languages. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-474-1508-4.

Sources

[edit]

Hanßon, Gerd. 1991. The Rai of eastern Nepal: ethnic and linguistic grouping. Findings of the Linguistic Survey of Nepal. Edited and provided with an introduction by Werner Winter. Kirtipur/Kathmandu: Linguistic Survey of Nepal and Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies, Tribhuvan University.

Sino-Tibetan branches

Western Himalayas (Himachal,
Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim)

West Himalayish
Tamangic
Newaric
- Newar
- Baram–Thangmi
Kiranti
Dhimalish
- Dhimal
- Toto
- Lhokpu
Lepcha

Greater Magaric	Magaric Magar Kham Chepangic Chepang Bhujel Raji–Raute Dura–Tandrange

Eastern Himalayas
(Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal)

Bodish
- Tibetic
- East Bodish
- Tshangla
- Basum
- Nam?
Gongduk
ʼOle
Tani
Chamdo

Myanmar and Indo-
Burmese border

Karbi
Kuki-Chin
Mruic
- Mru
- Hkongso
Pyu
Taman

"Naga"	Ao Angami–Pochuri Meitei Tangkhulic Zeme
Sal	Boro–Garo Konyak Jingpho–Luish

East and Southeast Asia

Sinitic
Bai
Tujia
Nungish
Karenic
Gong
Kathu
Cai–Long
- Caijia
- Longjia
- Luren

Burmo-Qiangic	Qiangic Gyalrongic Ersuic Naic Lolo-Burmese Mondzish Burmish Loloish

Dubious (possible
isolates) (Arunachal)

Greater Siangic	Siangic Koro Milang Idu–Taraon

Proposed groupings

Proto-languages

Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.

v t e Kiranti languages
Limbu	Limbu
Western	Thulung Wambule Jerung Khaling Dumi Koi Bahing Sunwar Vayu Tilung
Central	Kulung Nachhiring Sampang Saam Bantawa Puma Chamling Dungmali
Eastern	Yakkha Belhare Athpare Chintang Chulung Yamphu Lohorung Mewahang
Dhimalish	Dhimal Toto Lhokpu
see also: Mahakiranti languages

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