Greenlandic Jews
Grønlandske Jøder
Kalaallit Juutit
יהודים גרינלנדים

Thule Air Base (now the Pituffik Space Base) in 2005
Total population
1+
Regions with significant populations
Nuuk, Narsaq, Qaanaaq
Languages
English, Danish, Greenlandic, German, Hebrew
Religion
Judaism and Christianity[citation needed]
Related ethnic groups
Danish Jews, American Jews, German Jews

Greenland is a large, mostly arctic, and ice-covered Island, in the Western Hemisphere, with a population of 56,789 people as of 2024.^[1] There is no permanent Jewish population on the island, but there have been Jews who have lived there temporarily, like Danish Jewish soldiers, American Jewish soldiers, Israeli Navy members, and members of the Israeli Air Force.^[2]

There had never been a permanent Jewish community in Greenland, but Jewish fisherman have fished in its abundant waters. As Icelandic-born historian Vilhjálmur Örn Vilhjálmsson writes in his book Antisemitism in the North, "there were certainly Jews among the first Dutch whalers in the 16th and 17th centuries."^[3][4]

In the 1920s, Alfred Wegener, who famously discovered continental drift, came to Greenland with his friend and fellow meteorologist Fritz Loewe, who was Jewish. Loewe got frostbite while trying to reach the center of Greenland. Loewe's team had to amputate his toes with scissors.^[5][2]

After the German occupation of Denmark on 9 April 1940, Henrik Kauffmann, Danish Ambassador to the United States, made an agreement "In the name of the king" with the United States, authorizing the United States to defend the Danish colonies on Greenland from German aggression.^[6] In 1941, the United States, built an air base at Thule.^[7] During World War II, Jewish servicemen in the country received visits from military chaplains, with support from the National Jewish Welfare Board. In the fall of 1942, Rabbi Julius Amos Leibert, an Army Chaplain educated at Reform seminary HUC-JIR, conducted High Holiday services in Greenland, Labrador, and Iceland.^{[8] [9]} Rabbi Harold Gordon served the North Atlantic Air Transport Command and visited Greenland as part of his circuit.^[10][11] Other U.S. chaplains serving Greenland during World War II included Rabbis Jeshaia Schnitzer, Albert A. Goldman, and Israel Miller.^[12]

In the 1950s there were more than 50 Jewish servicemen stationed in the Thule Air Base at one time. Inside the air base, Shabbat services, Passover Seders, and prayers for the Jewish High Holidays were held. As a result, Vilhjálmsson writes, Thule has had "the northernmost minyan in the world."^[3]

Vilhjálmsson's vivid picture of Jewish life at Thule in the 1950s is drawn in part from the memoirs of Alfred J. Fischer, a German-born journalist who traveled to the country with his wife in 1955.^[13] Fischer also wrote in a manuscript of a trip to Aasiaat, where he met nurse Rita Scheftelowitz, whose family had sought refuge from Denmark in Sweden during the war,^[14] moved from Denmark to Greenland for adventure. Scheftelowitz lived an Orthodox Jewish life there. She was able to eat kosher by avoiding meat, and eating the fish that was plentiful in the nearby water.^[2]

Currently, the airbase is being used as a base for space exploration, and has been renamed to the Pituffik Space Base in 2023.^[7] There currently is one man named Paul Cohen who has been living in the city of Narsaq, who works as a translator. Despite his remoteness, he says that tourists are always able to find him.^[3]

• Religion in Greenland
• History of the Jews in Denmark