Joseph Chatt | |
|---|---|
| Born | 6 November 1914 Horden, County Durham, England |
| Died | 19 May 1994 (aged 79) Hove, East Sussex, England |
| Alma mater | |
| Spouse |
Ethel Williams (m. 1947) |
| Children | 2 |
Joseph Chatt CBE FRS[1] (6 November 1914 – 19 May 1994) was a renowned British researcher in the area of inorganic and organometallic chemistry. His name is associated with the description of the pi-bond between transition metals and alkenes, the Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson model.
Early life and education
Chatt was born to a farming family in Horden, County Durham.[2] At age 10, he moved with his family to Welton, Cumbria south of Carlisle. Chatt attended the Nelson School.[3]
In 1937, Chatt graduated with his first degree in Chemistry at from Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He went on to complete his PhD at Cambridge under the direction of F. G. Mann for research on organoarsenic and organophosphorus compounds and their complexes with transition metals.[4]
Career and contributions
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Chatt was employed at Imperial Chemical Industries from 1949 to 1962, during which time he published influential work on the metal hydrides and metal alkene complexes. During this period, he reported the first example of C-H bond activation by a transition metal[5] and the first non-organometallic transition metal hydride.[6] While at ICI, he work with several future luminaries, including Luigi M. Venanzi, Lidia Vallarino, and especially Bernard L. Shaw.
In the 1960s, Chatt moved to a professorship at the University of Sussex and subsequently assumed directorship of the Nitrogen Fixation Unit under the Agricultural Research Council.[7] Using the transition metal dinitrogen complex W(N2)2(dppe)2, his group first demonstrated the conversion of a dinitrogen ligand into ammonia. This work provided some of the first molecular models for nitrogen fixation. Chatt authored or co-authored over 300 peer-reviewed publications.[8]
Among his many awards, he was recognised with the 1981 Wolf Prize "for pioneering and fundamental contributions to synthetic transition metal chemistry, particularly transition metal hydrides and dinitrogen complexes." He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1961 and was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.[1]
Personal life
In 1947, Chatt married Ethel Williams, with whom he had a daughter and a son.[2] They lived in Ditchling, Sussex.[9]
Death and legacy
Chatt fell ill in 1991[2] and died suddenly in 1994. At the time, he was "preparing himself for a joint photograph" with other Fellows at Sussex University.[3]
In 1995, a year after his death, the Unit of Nitrogen Fixation moved to Norwich and became part of the John Innes Centre. The new building, as well as an annual lecture at the Centre, were named in his honour.[10]
References
- ^ a b Eaborn, C.; Leigh, G. J. (1996). "Joseph Chatt, C. B. E. 6 November 1914-19 May 1994". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 42: 96. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1996.0007.
- ^ a b c Postgate, John (30 May 1994). "Obituary: Professor Joseph Chatt". The Independent. Retrieved 18 February 2025.
- ^ a b Leigh, Jeff. "Modern Coordination Chemistry: The Legacy of Joseph Chatt". Barnes & Noble. Retrieved 18 February 2025.
- ^ Chatt, J.; Mann, F. G. (1939). "139. The synthesis of ditertiary arsines. Meso- and racemic forms of bis-4-covalent-arsenic compounds". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed): 610. doi:10.1039/JR9390000610.
- ^ Chatt, J.; Davidson, J. M. (1965). "154. The tautomerism of arene and ditertiary phosphine complexes of ruthenium(0), and the preparation of new types of hydrido-complexes of ruthenium(II)". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed): 843. doi:10.1039/JR9650000843.
- ^ Chatt, J.; Duncanson, L. A.; Shaw, B. L. (1957). "A Volatile Chlorohydride of Platinum". Proceedings of the Chemical Society: 329–368. doi:10.1039/PS9570000329.
- ^ Leigh, G.J. (editor), N. W. Winterton (editor), Modern Coordination Chemistry: The Legacy of Joseph Chatt, Springer Verlag (2002). ISBN 0-85404-469-8
- ^ "Joseph Chatt publications". Academictree.org. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ^ "Ethel (Emma) CHATT". The Argus. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
- ^ "The Chatt Lecture". Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
- 1914 births
- 1994 deaths
- Academics of the University of Sussex
- Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
- 20th-century British chemists
- Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
- British fellows of the Royal Society
- Imperial Chemical Industries people
- British inorganic chemists
- People educated at the Nelson Thomlinson School
- People from Cumberland (unitary authority)
- People from Horden
- Scientists from County Durham
- Wolf Prize in Chemistry laureates
