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Judah III - Wikipedia

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Judah III (or Nesi'ah II; Hebrew: יהודה נשיאה; יודן נשיאה), Yudan Nesiah, was a prominent Jewish sage, who held the office of Nasi of the ancient Jewish Sanhedrin between about 290 and 320 CE (fourth generation of amoraim).

Biography

He was the son of Gamaliel IV, and grandson of Judah II.

It is often difficult to know when the Mishna and Talmud are referring to Judah II or Judah III; they do not clearly distinguish between them. Since the title "Nesi'ah" was borne by both, which of the two in any citation is meant by "Judah Nesi'ah" can be gathered only from internal evidence, especially from the names of the scholars mentioned in the context.

He was a pupil of R. Johanan bar Nappaha (d. 279). In a question regarding the time of the new moon, which he sent to Rav Ammi, he introduces a teaching taught to him by Johanan with the words: "Know that R. Johanan has taught us thus all his life long".^[1]

Judah III commissioned Johanan's pupils Ammi and Assi, who directed the Academy of Tiberias in the Land of Israel, after Eleazar ben Pedat's death, to organize the schools for children in the Palestinian cities.^[2] Ammi especially appears as his councilor in aggadic questions.^[3] He also visited the baths of Gadara with Ammi.^[4]

Ammi, however, protested against the number of fast-days which Judah set in times of trouble, saying that the community should not be overburdened.^[5] Once Helbo, a pupil of the above-mentioned Samuel ben Nahman, requested Judah, who had absented himself from a fast-day service held in the public square of the city, to take part in the service, which would thereby become more efficacious.^[6] The prominent amora Jeremiah is said to have reproached Judah in a letter for hating his friends and loving his enemies.^[7]

Germanus, Judah's Roman slave, is mentioned several times.^[8]

The most important event of Judah III's patriarchate was the visit of the emperor Diocletian to Palestine.^[9] One Friday the patriarch was called upon hurriedly to visit Diocletian at Caesarea Philippi, and his extraordinarily quick journey to there from Tiberias gave rise to a legend in which the aged Samuel ben Nahman appears.^[10] On the Church father Epiphanius' reference to the patriarch, see Grätz.^[11]

When Judah III died (c. 320), Hiyya bar Abba compelled his colleague Zeira, who was of priestly descent, to ignore, in honor of the dead patriarch, the laws to be observed by kohanim.^[12] This scene took place in the "synagogue of the vine" at Sepphoris; hence it is to be assumed that Judah III was buried at Sepphoris. He was succeeded by his son Hillel II.

Jewish tradition holds that Judah III was interred at Ovnit.^[13]

References

^ Rosh Hashana 20a
^ Yerushalmi Hagigah 76c; Pesikta Rabbati 120b
^ Beitzah 27a; Mo'ed Katan 12b, 17a; Avodah Zarah 33b; Menachot 29a
^ Yerushalmi Avodah Zarah 42a, 45b
^ Ta'anit 14a,b
^ Yerushalmi Ta'anit 65a
^ Yerushalmi Megillah 74; compare II Samuel 19:6
^ Yerushalmi Shabbat 8c; Yerushalmi Yoma 45b; Yerushalmi Avodah Zarah 42a
^ Jewish Encyclopedia, Diocletian
^ Yerushalmi Terumot 8,end; Genesis Rabbah 63
^ Grätz, "Gesch." 2d ed., iv. 483.
^ Jerusalem Talmud (Berakhot 3:1); Berakhot 6b; Nazir 5b,c
^ Levi-Naḥum, Yehuda (1986). Sefer ṣohar le-ḥasifat ginzei teiman (in Hebrew). Ḥolon, Israel: Mifʻal ḥaśifat ginze Teman. p. 252. OCLC 15417732., chapter: Tombs of the forefathers and righteous [3]

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Judah III". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.

Preceded by Gamliel IV	Nasi 290–320	Succeeded by Hillel II

Amoraim

Amoraim of Eretz Israel
First Generation (until 250 CE):	Gamaliel III R. Hiyya Rabbi Yannai Hoshaiah Rabbah Epes the Southerner Joshua ben Levi Hanina bar Hama Levi ben Sisi Bar Kappara Jeremiah (I) Simeon ben Jehozadak Simeon ben Judah ha-Nasi
Second Generation (until 280 CE):	Judah II (Nesi'ah I) Johanan bar Nappaha Shimon ben Lakish Eleazar ben Pedat Isaac Nappaha Jose bar Hanina Rav Kahana II Jacob bar Idi Hezekiah Judah b. Hiyya Abba of Jaffa Hama bar Hanina Shimon bar Abba Simlai Hillel, son of Gamaliel III Zeiri
Third Generation (until 310 CE):	Gamaliel IV Rabbi Ammi Rabbi Assi Abbahu Ulla Rabbi Yitzchak Hama bar Ukva Zeira Helbo Samuel ben Nahman Abin I Hiyya bar Abba Rabbah bar bar Hana Levi II Rabbi Ilai II Abba bar Kahana Rav Avira Hanina bar Papi Hanina ben Pappa Jose of Yokereth Jeremiah (II) Hoshaiah II Hanina Abba bar Memel Tachlifa of the West Avdimi of Haifa Luliani ben Tabrin Abba of Acre Shimon ben Pazi Me'asha Shila of Kefar Tamarta Anani ben Sason Alexandri Kahana bar Tahlifa Ḥiyya bar Ami Abin Naggara
Fourth Generation (until 340 CE):	Judah III (Nesi'ah II) Jeremiah (III) Rabbi Aha Rabbi Berekhiah Jose bar Zevida Rabbi Jonah Rabbi Hilkiah Zerika Isaac ben Eliashiv Rabbi Aibu Hasa of Eshtemoa Abba bar Hiyya bar Abba Rabin Abba bar Zemina Pedat ben Eleazar Abba bar Pappai Acha bar Hanina
Fifth Generation (until 380 CE):	Hillel II Gamaliel V Jose ben Abin Rabbi Mana II
Sixth Generation (until 410 CE):	Judah IV (Nesi'ah III) Tanhuma bar Abba Hanina of Sepphoris Samuel b. Jose b. Boon

Amoraim of Babylon
First Generation (until 250 CE):	Abba Arikha (Rav) Samuel of Nehardea Mar Ukva Karna Rav Shela Rav Assi Abba bar Abba
Second Generation (until 280 CE):	Rav Huna Judah bar Ezekiel Hamnuna II Hamnuna Saba Rabbah bar Abuha Jeremiah bar Abba Rav Kahana II Rav Berona Hiyya bar Joseph Rav Giddel Hiyya bar Ashi Raba Bar Jeremiah (Abba) Adda bar Ahavah Anan
Third Generation (until 310 CE):	Rabbah bar Nahmani (Rabbah) Rav Nachman Sheshet Rav Chisda Hamnuna III Rav Yosef bar Hiyya Rabbah bar Rav Huna Joseph bar Hama Ammi b. Abba Rav Shmuel bar Yehudah Rav Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak
Fourth Generation (until 340 CE):	Abaye Rava Rami bar Hama Aha bar Jacob Rav Safra Rav Kahana III Idi b. Abin Naggara Hiyya b. Abin Naggara Mar son of Ravina Rav Shizbi Isaac b. Judah Rabbah b. Shela Mari bar Rachel Acha Bar Yosef
Fifth Generation (until 380 CE):	Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak Rav Papa Rav Papi Huna ben Joshua Rav Zevid Amemar Mar Zutra Rav Mesharshiya Hanina of Sura Bevai bar Abaye
Sixth Generation (until 430 CE):	Rav Ashi Ravina I Maremar Rami b. Abba Huna bar Nathan Rav Kahana IV Sama bar Raqta
Seventh Generation (until 465 CE):	Rav Yemar Mar bar Rav Ashi Rafram II Aha b. Rava Judah b. Meremar
Eighth Generation (until 500 CE):	Rabbah Tosafa'ah Ravina II Rabbah Jose Rav Rahumi III Samuel b. Abbahu

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