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Katabia - Wikipedia

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Katabia

Light contrast microphotograph of K. gromovi showing anterior (af) and posterior (pf) flagella, a nucleus (n) and a vacuole (fv)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Diaphoretickes
Clade:	SAR
Phylum:	Cercozoa
Class:	Sarcomonadea
Family:	Katabiidae
Genus:	Katabia Karpov, Ekelund & Moestrup, 2003
Species:	K. gromovi
Binomial name
*Katabia gromovi* Karpov, Ekelund & Moestrup, 2003

Katabia is a genus of soil-dwelling heterotrophic flagellate cercozoans containing the single species Katabia gromovi,^[1] and the only member of family Katabiidae.^[2]

Morphology

Katabia are drop-shaped unicellular flagellates with a broad anterior end and a tapering posterior end. They have two heterodynamic (with different movements) flagella. Inside their cells are a microbody, refractile granules shaped like mushrooms, kinetocysts and a well-developed cytoskeleton similar to the one found in Heteromita. Their life cycle has two forms: a free-living trophozoite that feeds on bacteria through pseudopodia while swimming, and a cyst that is surrounded by a thick mucilage-like wall.^[1] Instead of gliding upon the substrate, like other cercozoans, they have secondarily lost the ability to glide with cilia, and only swim freely using their flagella.^[2]

In particular, the species Katabia gromovi is a soil-dwelling flagellate with a prominent dorsal side and a flattened ventral side, whose length is between 8 and 12 μm while its width is between 5 and 7 μm. Its flagella appear approximately one fourth of the cell's length starting from the anterior broad end. The posterior flagellum is approximately 2.5 times the cell's length, while the anterior flagellum is 1.5 times the cell's length and has a shorter acronema (a thin hair-like projection found at the end of each flagella).^[1]

Etymology

While the genus' name has no meaning, the species' epithet was chosen to commemorate the late Professor Boris Vasilievich Gromov, an important Russian microbiologist and protistologist.^[1]

Taxonomic affinities

Following its discovery in 2003 multiple similarities were found between Katabia and the cercomonad Heteromita in morphology, behavior, life cycle and cytoskeleton structure,^[1] and was placed inside the order Cercomonadida of class Sarcomonadea. However, in 2012 the species was placed as Sarcomonadea incertae sedis, under its own family Katabiidae, because of the uncertainty of its phylogenetic relationships and because it shares similarities with both cercomonads in the structure of the flagella^[3] and with glissomonads in the structure of the cilia.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Karpov SA, Ekelund F, Moestrup Ø (2003), "Katabia gromovi nov. gen., nov. sp. a new soil flagellate with affinities to Heteromita (Cercomonadida)", Protistology, 3: 30–41
^ ^a ^b ^c Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Oates, Brian (2012). "Ultrastructure of Allapsa vibrans and the Body Plan of Glissomonadida (Cercozoa)". Protist. 163 (2): 165–187. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2011.10.006. ISSN 1434-4610. PMID 22209009.
^ Karpov, SA; Bass, D; Mylnikov, AP; Cavalier-Smith, T (June 2006). "Molecular Phylogeny of Cercomonadidae and Kinetid Patterns of Cercomonas and Eocercomonas gen. nov. (Cercomonadida, Cercozoa)". Protist. 157 (2): 125–158. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2006.01.001. PMID 16647880.

Rhizaria classification

(major groups

Cercozoa

Skiomonadea	Aquavolonida Tremulida
Granofilosea	Cryptofilida Desmothoracida^h Leucodictyida^af Limnofilida^a
Chlorarachnea^a	Chlorarachnida Minorisida

Monadofilosa

Eoglissa

Metromonadea	Metopiida Metromonadida
Helkesea^af	Helkesida

Ventrifilosa

Sarcomonadea*^af

Imbricatea

Silicofilosea	Thaumatomonadida^f Euglyphida^t

Thecofilosea	Phaeodarea^h Phaeogymnocellida Phaeocystida Phaeosphaerida Phaeocalpida Phaeogromida Phaeoconchida Eothecia Cryomonadida^f Ebriacea^f Matazida Tectofilosida Ventricleftida

Endomyxa

Marimyxia

Gromiidea	Gromiida^t Reticulosida^a
Ascetosporea^s	Claustrosporida Haplosporida Mikrocytida Paradinida Paramyxida

Proteomyxia

Retaria

Radiolaria^h

Sticholonchea	Taxopodida
Acantharea	Arthracanthida Chaunocanthida Holocanthida Symphyacanthida
Polycystinea	Collodaria Nassellaria Spumellaria Orodaria

Foraminifera^a

Monothalamea*	Allogromiida* Xenophyophorea Astrorhizida* Reticulomyxa
Tubothalamea	†Fusulinida Miliolida Spirillinida Silicoloculinida Ammodiscidae
Globothalamea	Textulariida Rotaliida Robertinida Carterinida Globigerinida †Globotruncanida †Heterohelicida †Guembelitriida Globigerinitoidea
Incertae sedis	Involutinida Lagenida Heterogromia Komokiacea

Incertae sedis

*paraphyletic
†extinct
organization type: ^fflagellates; ^aamoebae; ^afamoeboflagellates; ^ttestate amoebae; ^hheliozoan amoebae; ^ssporozoan-like; ^mfungus-like.

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