 Graphical sketch of the Kepler-56 system. The line of sight from Earth is illustrated by the dashed line, and dotted lines show the orbits of three detected companions in the system. The solid arrow marks the rotation axis of the host star, and the thin solid line marks the host star's equator. Credit: NASA GSFC/Ames/D Huber | |
| Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Cygnus[1] |
| Right ascension | 19h 35m 02.0012s[2] |
| Declination | +41° 52′ 18.692″[2] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 12.8[3] |
| Characteristics | |
| Evolutionary stage | red giant branch[4] |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | −53.7[5] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: −6.596(12) mas/yr[2] Dec.: −12.081(13) mas/yr[2] |
| Parallax (π) | 1.0755±0.0118 mas[2] |
| Distance | 3,030 ± 30 ly (930 ± 10 pc) |
| Details | |
| Mass | 1.29±0.01[4] M☉ |
| Radius | 4.18±0.13[4] R☉ |
| Luminosity (bolometric) | 9.59±0.13[4] L☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 3.09[6] cgs |
| Temperature | 4,973±14[4] K |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.30[6] dex |
| Age | 3.92±0.156[4] Gyr |
| Other designations | |
| Kepler-56, KOI-1241, KIC 6448890, 2MASS 19350200+4152187[7] | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
| Exoplanet Archive | data |
Kepler-56 is a red giant[8] in the constellation Cygnus. It is located roughly 3,030 light-years (930 pc) away[2] from the solar system and has slightly more mass than the Sun.
Characteristics
Kepler-56 is a red giant star. This means it is no longer fusing hydrogen in its core and is off the main sequence. Its mass is around 1.3 M⊙. Its radius is about 4.2 R⊙, putting the star's density at about 0.025 g/cm3. For reference, the Sun's density is about 1.408 g/cm3. Kepler-56's metallicity is about 0.0251 Z0/X0[clarify]. Its luminosity is about 9.6 L⊙, and its effective temperature is 4,973 K (4,700 °C; 8,492 °F).[4]
Kepler-56 is about 3.9 billion years old,[4] placing it as about 600 million years younger than the Sun. Its apparent magnitude is +13, making it too dim to be visible to the naked eye.
Planetary system
In 2012, scientists discovered a two-planet planetary system around Kepler-56 via the transit method. Asteroseismological studies revealed that the orbits of Kepler-56b and Kepler-56c are coplanar but about 45° misaligned to the host star's equator. In addition, follow-up radial velocity measurements showed evidence of a gravitational perturbator.[8] It was confirmed in 2016 that the perturbations are caused by a third, non-transiting planet: Kepler-56d.[9]
The planetary system is very compact but is dynamically stable.[10]
Kepler-56 is expanding. As a result, it will devour Kepler-56b and Kepler-56c in 130 and 155 million years, respectively.[11][12] 56d will be far enough to survive its parent star's red giant phase.
| Companion (in order from star) |
Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) |
Orbital period (days) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b[13][14] | 22.25344 M🜨 | 0.1028 | 10.5034294 | — | 79.640° | 3.61 R🜨 |
| c[15][16] | 0.569 MJ | 0.1652 | 21.4050484 | — | 81.930° | 7.84 R🜨 |
| d[9] | >5.61±0.38 MJ | 2.16±0.08 | 1002±5 | 0.20±0.01 | — | — |
References
- ^ Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a constellation from a position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 99 (617): 695. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..695R. doi:10.1086/132034. Constellation record for this object at VizieR.
- ^ a b c d e Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ Furlan, E.; Ciardi, D. R.; Everett, M. E.; Saylors, M.; Teske, J. K.; Horch, E. P.; Howell, S. B.; Van Belle, G. T.; Hirsch, L. A.; Gautier, T. N., III; Adams, E. R.; Barrado, D.; Cartier, K. M. S.; Dressing, C. D.; Dupree, A. K.; Gilliland, R. L.; Lillo-Box, J.; Lucas, P. W.; Wang, J. (2017). "The Kepler Follow-up Observation Program. I. A Catalog of Companions to Kepler Stars from High-Resolution Imaging". The Astronomical Journal. 153 (2): 71. arXiv:1612.02392. Bibcode:2017AJ....153...71F. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/153/2/71.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Fellay, L.; Buldgen, G.; et al. (2021). "Asteroseismology of evolved stars to constrain the internal transport of angular momentum. IV. Internal rotation of Kepler 56 from an MCMC analysis of the rotational splittings". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 654. 12. arXiv:2108.02670. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140518. S2CID 239652877.
- ^ Jönsson, Henrik; Holtzman, Jon A.; Allende Prieto, Carlos; Cunha, Katia; García-Hernández, D. A.; Hasselquist, Sten; Masseron, Thomas; Osorio, Yeisson; Shetrone, Matthew; Smith, Verne; Stringfellow, Guy S.; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Edvardsson, Bengt; Majewski, Steven R.; Mészáros, Szabolcs; Souto, Diogo; Zamora, Olga; Beaton, Rachael L.; Bovy, Jo; Donor, John; Pinsonneault, Marc H.; Poovelil, Vijith Jacob; Sobeck, Jennifer (2020). "APOGEE Data and Spectral Analysis from SDSS Data Release 16: Seven Years of Observations Including First Results from APOGEE-South". The Astronomical Journal. 160 (3): 120. arXiv:2007.05537. Bibcode:2020AJ....160..120J. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aba592.
- ^ a b Matsuno, Tadafumi; Starkenburg, Else; Balbinot, Eduardo; Helmi, Amina (2024). "Improving metallicity estimates for very metal-poor stars in the Gaia DR3 GSP-Spec catalog". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 685: A59. arXiv:2212.11639. Bibcode:2024A&A...685A..59M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245762.
- ^ "Kepler-56". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg.
- ^ a b Huber, Daniel; et al. (2013). "Stellar Spin-Orbit Misalignment in a Multiplanet System". Science. 342 (6156): 331–334. arXiv:1310.4503. Bibcode:2013Sci...342..331H. doi:10.1126/science.1242066. PMID 24136961.
- ^ a b Otor, Oderah Justin; Montet, Benjamin T.; et al. (22 September 2016). "The Orbit and Mass of the Third Planet in the Kepler-56 System". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (6). Cornell University: 165. arXiv:1608.03627v2. Bibcode:2016AJ....152..165O. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/165. ISSN 0004-6256.
- ^ Denham, Paul; Naoz, Smadar; et al. (29 October 2018). "Hidden planetary friends: on the stability of two-planet systems in the presence of a distant, inclined companion". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 482 (3): 4146–4154. arXiv:1802.00447. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2830. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ^ Kramer, Miriam (June 10, 2014). "Chow Down! Star Will Devour 2 Alien Planets". Space.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
- ^ Li, Gongjie; Naoz, Smadar; et al. (October 1, 2014). "The Dynamics of the Multi-planet System Orbiting Kepler-56". The Astrophysical Journal. 794 (2): 131. arXiv:1407.2249. Bibcode:2014ApJ...794..131L. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/794/2/131. S2CID 56224888.
- ^ "Planet Kepler-56 b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ "KOI-1241.02 -- Extra-solar Confirmed Planet". SIMBAD.
- ^ "Planet Kepler-56 c". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. 2018.
- ^ "KOI-1241.01 -- Extra-solar Confirmed Planet". SIMBAD.
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