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Koepcke's hermit

Conservation status
Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
CITES Appendix II (CITES)^[2]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Strisores
Order:	Apodiformes
Family:	Trochilidae
Genus:	Phaethornis
Species:	P. koepckeae
Binomial name
*Phaethornis koepckeae* Weske & Terborgh, 1977

Koepcke's hermit (Phaethornis koepckeae) is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is endemic to Peru.^[3]

Taxonomy and systematics

Koepcke's hermit is monotypic.^[3] It and the needle-billed hermit (P. philippii) are sister species and may form a superspecies.^[4]

Description

Koepcke's hermit is 14 to 15 cm (5.5 to 5.9 in) long. Males weigh 4.7 to 5.8 g (0.17 to 0.20 oz) and females 4.5 to 4.9 g (0.16 to 0.17 oz). It is one of the few hermit hummingbirds with a nearly straight bill. It has a blackish crown glossed with greenish, a glossy greenish bronze nape, a glossy bronze back, and a rufous rump. The tail is mostly dark glossy green. The innermost pair of tail feathers are longer than the others and have white tips; the others have broad buffy rufous tips. The face has a black "mask" bordered with narrow white streaks. The chin and throat are white, the center of the breast pale reddish buff with grayer sides, and the belly and flanks a rich reddish buff.^[5]

Distribution and habitat

Koepcke's hermit is found on the eastern foothills of the Peruvian Andes from just south of the Marañón River in Amazonas south to central Madre de Dios. In elevation it ranges between 450 and 1,300 m (1,500 and 4,300 ft), and the distribution is patchy. It inhabits the understory of tall evergreen forest and humid montane forest. It generally shuns secondary forest.^[5]

Behavior

Feeding

Koepcke's hermit is assumed to be a "trap-line" feeder like other hermit hummingbirds, visiting a circuit of a wide variety of flowering plants for nectar. It also consumes small arthropods.^[5]

Breeding

The breeding season of Koepcke's hermit has not been defined. It builds a conical nest suspended from the underside of the tip of a drooping leaf.^[5]

Songs and calls

Listen to Koepcke's hermit on xeno-canto

Vocalization

Koepcke's hermit's song is "a ringing, buzzy series of short notes: b'zee b'zee b'zee" Its calls include "a ringing, rising tchwee or tchwing and "a descending, accelerating series of high notes".^[5]

Status

The IUCN has assessed Koepcke's hermit as Near Threatened. Its population is estimated to be between 6,000 and 15,000 mature individuals and decreasing. "It is threatened by rapid deforestation within its elevational range."^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b BirdLife International (2016). "Koepcke's Hermit Phaethornis koepckeae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22686961A93133625. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22686961A93133625.en. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
^ ^a ^b Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)". Retrieved July 14, 2021.
^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Schulenberg, T. S. (2020). Koepcke's Hermit (Phaethornis koepckeae), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.koeher1.01 retrieved December 7, 2021

Phaethornithinae (hermit hummingbirds)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Apodiformes
Family: Trochilidae
Subfamily: Phaethornithinae

Genus

Species

Ramphodon

Saw-billed hermit (R. naevius)

Eutoxeres

Glaucis

Threnetes

Anopetia

Broad-tipped hermit (A. gounellei)

Phaethornis

Taxon identifiers
Phaethornis koepckeae	Wikidata: Q734669 Wikispecies: Phaethornis koepckeae Avibase: EB1D2D33B89DE579 BirdLife: 22686961 BOW: koeher1 CoL: 6V7CY eBird: koeher1 GBIF: 2476620 iNaturalist: 5654 IRMNG: 10418819 ITIS: 555038 IUCN: 22686961 NCBI: 304670 Neotropical: koeher1 Open Tree of Life: 716199 Species+: 4725 Xeno-canto: Phaethornis-koepckeae

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