Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology, and Religious Belief

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Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology, and Religious Belief - Wikipedia

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Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology, and Religious Belief (German: Vorlesungen und Gespräche über Ästhetik, Psychoanalyse und religiösen Glauben) is a series of notes transcribed by Yorick Smythies, Rush Rhees, and James Taylor from assorted lectures by Ludwig Wittgenstein, and published in 1966.^[1] The lectures, at which Casimir Lewy was present, contain Wittgenstein's thoughts about aesthetics and religion, alongside a critique of psychoanalysis. Wittgensteinian fideism originates from the remarks in the Lectures. Eberhard Bubser, in the introduction, of the German edition states that: "Wittgenstein would surely have not approved this release [...]" ("Wittgenstein hätte diese Ausgabe bestimmt nicht gebilligt [...]").^[2]

Lectures on Aesthetics

One question Wittgenstein raises in his Lectures on Aesthetics is how we learn to use and recognize the words used to make an aesthetic judgment, such as "beautiful" ("schön") or "nice" or ("fein").^[2] He suggests that these words are firstly and often used like interjections or gestures. Wittgenstein also notes that we seldom use these words in everyday language to make aesthetic judgments, but rather use words like "right" ("richtig") or "correct" ("korrekt").^[2] With regard to aesthetic pleasures, he also names a question that is recently under debate in aesthetics: How are distinctly aesthetic pleasures different from more ordinary pleasures? He makes a point in stating that "One uses the same term in both cases [...]" (" Man gebraucht in beiden Fällen [...] dasselbe Wort").^[2]

A recurring theme in these lectures is also Wittgenstein's firm rejection of the possibility that psychology may explain aesthetic experiences or judgments. This opinion is based on Wittgenstein's view that psychological (behaviorist) experiments would generate results based on mere descriptions of behavior and generalizations across large numbers of observers.

Lectures on Religious Belief

In his Lectures on Religious Belief (Vorlesungen über den religiösen Glauben), Wittgenstein argues, among other things, that superficial grammatical similarities in the forms of both religious and factual statements mislead us into believing that they are fundamentally identical states of "belief." This grammatical similarity, Wittgenstein argues, is merely a parallel expression of drastically different processes. "The expression of belief", Wittgenstein notes, "may play an absolutely minor role."^[3]

References

^ "Lectures and conversations on aesthetics, psychology and religious belief - Springer". The Journal of Value Inquiry. 3: 63–71. doi:10.1007/BF00137674.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Wittgenstein, L. (1966). Vorlesungen und Gespräche über Ästhetik, Psychologie und Religion. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
^ Wittgenstein, L.; Barrett, C. (2007). Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology, and Religious Belief. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520251816. Retrieved 2014-10-14.

v t e Ludwig Wittgenstein
Family	Margaret Stonborough-Wittgenstein Karl Wittgenstein Paul Wittgenstein Works associated with Paul Wittgenstein
Early work	Picture theory of language Truth tables Wittgenstein's ladder
Later work	Language-game Private language argument Family resemblance Rule-following Form of life Wittgenstein's philosophy of mathematics Therapeutic approach
Publications	Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus "Some Remarks on Logical Form" Blue and Brown Books Philosophical Remarks Philosophical Investigations On Certainty Culture and Value Remarks on Frazer's Golden Bough Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics Zettel Remarks on Colour Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology, and Religious Belief
Movements	Analytic philosophy Linguistic turn Ideal language philosophy Logical atomism Logical positivism Ordinary language philosophy Wittgensteinian fideism Quietism
Friends	G. E. M. Anscombe R. B. Braithwaite Rudolf Carnap Paul Engelmann John Maynard Keynes Peter Geach Norman Malcolm G. E. Moore David Pinsent Frank P. Ramsey Rush Rhees Bertrand Russell Moritz Schlick Francis Skinner Piero Sraffa Vienna Circle Friedrich Waismann Peter Winch G. H. von Wright
Biographers	David Edmonds Ray Monk William Warren Bartley
Secondary sources	A. J. Ayer Gordon Baker James F. Conant Alice Crary Cora Diamond Terry Eagleton Peter Hacker Dale Jacquette Saul Kripke Anthony Kenny Warren Goldfarb Stanley Cavell D. Z. Phillips Colin McGinn Jaakko Hintikka Oswald Hanfling A. C. Grayling Rupert Read Barry Stroud Stephen Toulmin Crispin Wright Fergus Kerr Wittgenstein's Poker
Related	Cambridge Apostles Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club Haidbauer incident Haus Wittgenstein Fritz Mauthner
Film	Wittgenstein (film) Wittgenstein Tractatus

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