List of tropical cyclone records

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List of tropical cyclone records - Wikipedia

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This is a condensed list of worldwide tropical cyclone records set by different storms and seasons.^[1]

Colour scheme used in this table:
Hydrological records
Impact records
Intensity records
Longevity records
Size records
Velocity records
Miscellaneous records

Major records

Characteristic	Record	Date	Tropical Cyclone and/or Location	Ref(s)
Highest overall rainfall	6,083 mm (239.5 in)	January 14, 1980 – January 28, 1980	Cyclone Hyacinthe in Reunion Island	^[2]
Highest storm surge	14.5 m (47.6 ft)	March 5, 1899	Cyclone Mahina in Bathurst Bay, Queensland, Australia	^[3]
Highest confirmed wave height^α	30 m (98.4 ft)	September 11, 1995	Hurricane Luis on Queen Elizabeth 2 in the north Atlantic Ocean	^[4]
Costliest tropical cyclone	$125 billion (2005 and 2017 USD) in damages	August 29, 2005 August 25, 2017	Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Harvey in the northern Gulf Coast of the United States	^[5]
Costliest tropical cyclone season	≥$294.803 billion (2017 USD) in damages during the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season	April 19, 2017 – November 9, 2017	North Atlantic Ocean	^[6]
Deadliest tropical cyclone	c. 500,000+ fatalities	November 12, 1970	Bhola cyclone in East Pakistan	^[7]^[8]
Deadliest tropical cyclone season	500,805+ fatalities during the 1970 North Indian Ocean cyclone season	May 2, 1970 – November 29, 1970	North Indian Ocean	^[9]
Most tornadoes formed	120 confirmed tornadoes	September 15, 2004 – September 18, 2004	Hurricane Ivan in the southern and eastern United States	^[10]
Highest wind gusts	113.4 m/s (254 mph; 220.4 kn; 408 km/h)	April 10, 1996	Cyclone Olivia in Barrow Island, Western Australia	^[11]
Highest accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for a tropical cyclone	87	February 4, 2023 – March 14, 2023	Cyclone Freddy in the Australian region and South-West Indian Ocean	^[12]^[13]
Highest Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for a season	570 during the 1997 Pacific typhoon season	January 19, 1997 – December 23, 1997	Northwest Pacific Ocean	^[14]
Highest number of rapid intensification cycles for a tropical cyclone	7	February 4, 2023 – March 14, 2023	Cyclone Freddy in the Australian region and South-West Indian Ocean	^[13]
Most intense (1-minute maximum sustained surface winds)	96.2 m/s (215 mph; 187.0 kn; 346 km/h)	October 23, 2015	Hurricane Patricia in the northeast Pacific Ocean	^[15]
Most intense (10-minute maximum sustained winds)	78.2 m/s (175 mph; 152.0 kn; 282 km/h)	February 20, 2016	Cyclone Winston in the south Pacific Ocean	^[16]
Most intense (lowest central pressure)	870 mb (870.0 hPa; 25.7 inHg)	October 12, 1979	Typhoon Tip in the northwest Pacific Ocean	^[17]^[18]
Most intense at landfall (1-minute maximum sustained winds)	87.2 m/s (195 mph; 169.5 kn; 314 km/h)	November 1, 2020	Typhoon Goni in Catanduanes, Philippines	^[19]
Most intense at landfall (10-minute maximum sustained winds)	78.2 m/s (175 mph; 152.0 kn; 282 km/h)	February 20, 2016	Cyclone Winston in Viti Levu, Fiji.	^[16]
Most intense at landfall (pressure)	884 mb (884.0 hPa; 26.1 inHg)	February 20, 2016	Cyclone Winston in Viti Levu, Fiji.	^[16]
Longest lasting tropical cyclone	36 days	February 4, 2023 – March 14, 2023	Cyclone Freddy in the Australian region and South-West Indian Ocean	^[20]
Longest distance traveled by tropical cyclone	13,180 km (8,190 mi)	August 11, 1994 – September 13, 1994	Hurricane/Typhoon John in the northeast and northwest Pacific Ocean	^[21]^[22]
Longest lasting Category 4 or 5 winds	8.25 consecutive days	August 24, 2006 – September 2, 2006	Hurricane/Typhoon Ioke in the northeast and northwest Pacific Ocean	^[23]
Longest lasting Category 5 winds^β	5.50 consecutive days	September 9, 1961 – September 14, 1961	Typhoon Nancy in the northwest Pacific Ocean	^[24]
Largest tropical cyclone (radius of winds from center)	Gale winds 17.5 m/s (40 mph; 35 kn; 65 km/h) extending 1,086 km (675 mi) from center	October 12, 1979	Typhoon Tip in the northwest Pacific Ocean	^[17]^[25]
Smallest tropical cyclone (radius of winds from center)	Gale winds 17.5 m/s (40 mph; 35 kn; 65 km/h) extending 18.5 km (11.5 mi) from center	October 7, 2008	Tropical Storm Marco in the Bay of Campeche	^[26]
Largest eye	370 km (230 mi)	August 20, 1960 August 17, 1997	Typhoon Carmen and Typhoon Winnie in the northwest Pacific Ocean	^[27]^[28]
Smallest eye	3.7 km (2.3 mi)	October 19, 2005	Hurricane Wilma in the Caribbean Sea	^[29]
Fastest intensification (1-minute sustained surface winds)	54 m/s (120 mph; 105 kn; 195 km/h), from 38 m/s (85 mph; 75 kn; 135 km/h) to 91.6 m/s (205 mph; 180 kn; 330 km/h) in under 24 h	October 22, 2015 – October 23, 2015	Hurricane Patricia in the northeast Pacific Ocean	^[15]
Fastest intensification (pressure)	100 mb (100 hPa), from 976 mb (976.0 hPa; 28.8 inHg) to 876 mb (876.0 hPa; 25.9 inHg) in under 24 h	September 22, 1983 – September 23, 1983	Typhoon Forrest in the northwest Pacific Ocean	^[30]^[31]
Fastest seafloor current produced by a tropical cyclone	2.25 m/s (5 mph; 5 kn; 10 km/h)	September 16, 2004	Hurricane Ivan in the north Atlantic Ocean	^[32]^[33]
Fastest updraft produced in a tropical cyclone	27.4 m/s (60 mph; 55 kn; 100 km/h)	October 23, 2015	Hurricane Patricia in the northeast Pacific Ocean	^[34]
Highest forward speed	31.18 m/s (70 mph; 60 kn; 110 km/h)	September 15, 1961	Tropical Storm Six in the north Atlantic Ocean	^[35]
Closest proximity to the equator	1.4° N	December 26, 2001	Tropical Storm Vamei in the South China Sea	^[36]
Heaviest natural object moved by a tropical cyclone	160,572 kg (177 short tons)	November 8, 2013	Typhoon Haiyan in Samar, Philippines	^[37]
Highest number of tropical storms in a season	39 official storms during the 1964 Pacific typhoon season	May 12, 1964 – December 17, 1964	Northwest Pacific Ocean	^[38]
Warmest eye	34.0 °C (93.2 °F) at 700 hPa height	August 19, 1979	Typhoon Judy in the northwest Pacific Ocean	^[39]
Coldest cloud tops produced by a tropical cyclone	−109.35 °C (−164.83 °F)	November 30, 2019	Typhoon Kammuri over the Philippine Sea	^[40]

Notes

^α Although Luis produced the highest confirmed wave height for a tropical cyclone, it is possible that Hurricane Ivan produced a wave measuring 131 feet (40 m).^[41]

^β It is believed that reconnaissance aircraft overestimated wind speeds in tropical cyclones from the 1940s to the 1960s, and data from this time period is generally considered unreliable. Consequently, Typhoon Nancy may not have sustained Category 5 winds for such a long duration.

References

^ Cerveny, Randall S.; Jay Lawrimore; Roger Edwards; Christopher Landsea (June 2007). "Extreme Weather Records. Compilation, Adjudication, and Publication". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 88 (6): 853–860. Bibcode:2007BAMS...88..853C. doi:10.1175/BAMS-88-6-853.
^ "Some Remarkable Values in the SW Indian Ocean" (PDF). Meteo France. Retrieved 2015-07-30.
^ "Faq : Hurricanes, Typhoons, And Tropical Cyclones". Aoml.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
^ Staff Writer (2004). "Extremes of Weather: Horrifying hurricanes". The Canadian Atlas. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
^ "Costliest U.S. tropical cyclones tables update" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
^ Faust, Eberhard; Bove, Mark. "The hurricane season 2017: a cluster of extreme storms". MunichRE.com. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
^ Frank, Neil; Husain, S. A. (June 1971). "The deadliest tropical cyclone in history?" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-24. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
^ The world's worst natural disasters Calamities of the 20th and 21st centuries CBC News. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
^ "Tropical Cyclone Season Peaks Twice in the Northern Indian Ocean".
^ "What is the largest known outbreak of tropical cyclone tornadoes?". Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
^ "Info note No.58 — World Record Wind Gust: 408 km/h". World Meteorological Association. 2010-01-22. Archived from the original on 2013-01-20.
^ "Real-Time Southern Hemisphere Statistics by Storm for 2022/2023". Colorado State University. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
^ ^a ^b Cappucci, Matthew (12 March 2023). "Lashing Mozambique, Freddy has become Earth's most energetic cyclone on record". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-13.
^ Murty, Tad. "Cyclone-Related Records". International Climate Science Coalition. Archived from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Hurricane Patricia – EP202015" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2016-02-06.
^ ^a ^b ^c Diamond, Howard (5 July 2017). "Southwest Pacific Enhanced Archive for Tropical Cyclones (SPEArTC)". Retrieved 6 July 2017.
^ ^a ^b George M. Dunnavan & John W. Dierks (1980). "An Analysis of Super Typhoon Tip (October 1979)". Monthly Weather Review. 108 (11). Joint Typhoon Warning Center: 1915. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1915:AAOSTT>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
^ "Faq : Hurricanes, Typhoons, And Tropical Cyclones". Aoml.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
^ Pelmorex Weather Networks, Inc. "Strongest storm of 2020, Typhoon Goni makes landfall in the Philippines". www.theweathernetwork.com. Retrieved 2020-11-01.
^ "Tropical Cyclone Freddy is the longest tropical cyclone on record at 36 days: WMO". World Meteorological Organization. 2024-07-01. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
^ "What is the farthest a tropical cyclone has traveled?". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
^ "Tropical Cyclone: Longest Distance Traveled by Tropical Cyclone". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
^ "The 2006 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season". Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-11-28.
^ "FAQ : Hurricanes, Typhoons, And Tropical Cyclones". Aoml.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
^ "Faq : Hurricanes, Typhoons, And Tropical Cyclones". Aoml.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on 2008-12-22. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
^ NHC Hurricane Research Division (2008-01-01). "Atlantic hurricane best track ("HURDAT")". NOAA. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
^ Evans, Bill (2012). It's Raining Fish and Spiders. Hurricane Extremes: Google Ebooks. ISBN 9781429984829. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
^ Jeff Masters (July 10, 2015). "Category 3 Chan-hom: One of Shanghai's Strongest Typhoons on Record?". Weather Underground. Archived from the original on June 17, 2018. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
^ A Dictionary of Weather. Weather Records: Storm Dunlop. 15 August 2008. ISBN 9780191580055. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
^ Japan Meteorological Agency (October 10, 1992). RSMC Best Track Data – 1980–1989 (Report). Archived from the original (.TXT) on December 5, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2013.
^ The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.
^ "Hurricane Ivan Uncovered a 60,000 year old Cypress Forest in the Gulf of Mexico". WordPress.com. 9 August 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
^ "Hurricane and Storm Shutters in Gulf Shores Alabama". Hurricane Shutters Florida. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
^ Robert F. Rogers, Sim Aberson, Michael M. Bell, Daniel J. Cecil, James D. Doyle, Todd B. Kimberlain, Josh Morgerman, Lynn K. Shay, and Christopher Velden (October 30, 2017). "Rewriting the Tropical Record Books: The Extraordinary Intensification of Hurricane Patricia (2015)". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 98 (10): 2, 091–2, 112. Bibcode:2017BAMS...98.2091R. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0039.1. S2CID 126016220. Retrieved November 8, 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "What is the average forward speed of a hurricane?". Hurricane Research Division. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
^ Gary Padgett (2002). "December 2001 Worldwide Tropical Weather Summary". Retrieved 2010-04-14.
^ Hooper Ben (2014-12-19). "Supertyphoon moved 177-ton boulder 150 feet". UPI. Retrieved 2014-12-19.
^ Landsea, Chris; Delgado, Sandy. "Record number of storms by basin". Hurricane Research Division. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
^ "1979 Annual Typhoon Report" (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center: 157. 1979. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
^ Bachmeier, Scott (30 November 2019). "Typhoon Kammuri in the West Pacific Ocean, with record cold cloud-top temperatures". Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
^ Barnes, Jay (2007). Florida's Hurricane History. UNC Press Books. ISBN 9780807830680. Retrieved 19 August 2017.

External links

Most intense tropical cyclones by area of formation

North Atlantic	Northeast Pacific	Northwest Pacific	North Indian	Southwest Indian	Australian region	South Pacific	South Atlantic
Hurricane Wilma 2005 882 hPa	Hurricane Patricia 2015 872 hPa	Typhoon Tip 1979 870 hPa	Odisha cyclone 1999 912 hPa	Cyclone Gafilo 2004 895 hPa	Cyclones Gwenda and Inigo 1999 & 2003 900 hPa	Cyclone Winston 2016 884 hPa	Hurricane Catarina 2004 972 hPa

Categories:

Hidden categories:

Major records

See also

Notes

References

External links