The following is a list of notable people from Lithuania's capital city of Vilnius (historically known by the names of Vilna/Wilna/Wilno). It includes people who were born or resided there.

• Abraham ben Elijah of Vilna (c. late 18th century-1808), renowned Jewish Talmudist
• Neringa Aidietytė (born 1983), Lithuanian athlete^[1]
• Gediminas Akstinas (born 1961), Lithuanian painter
• Frantsishak Alyakhnovich (1883–1944), Belarusian playwright and journalist
• Algirdas (1296–1377), Grand Duke of Lithuania
• Ana Ambrazienė (born 1955), Lithuanian hurdler, former world record holder^[2]
• Ieva Andrejevaitė (born 1988), Lithuanian actress
• Michał Elwiro Andriolli (1836–1893), Polish-Lithuanian painter and architect of Italian descent
• Irena Andriukaitienė (born 1948), Lithuanian politician and signature of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania
• Mark Antokolsky (1843–1902), Russian-Jewish sculptor
• Laura Asadauskaitė (born 1984), Lithuanian modern pentathlon athlete^[3]

• Francišak Bahuševič (1840–1900), Belarusian poet.
• Živilė Balčiūnaitė (born 1979), Lithuanian long-distance runner, European champion.
• Aidas Bareikis (born 1967), Lithuanian artist.^[4]
• Liutauras Barila (born 1974), Lithuanian Olympic biathlete.^[5]
• Jonas Basanavičius (1851–1927), Lithuanian leader of Lithuania's national revival movement.
• Ričardas Berankis (born 1990), Lithuanian the top ranked Lithuanian tennis player of all time.^[6]
• Alexander Berkman (1870–1936), Russian-American leading member of the anarchist movement in the early 20th century.
• Mykolas Biržiška (1882–1962), Lithuanian historian of literature, politician, signer of the Act of Independence of Lithuania.
• Vaclovas Biržiška (1884–1956), Lithuanian publisher, historian.
• Eglė Bogdanienė (born 1962), Lithuanian textile artist.
• Kazys Bradūnas (1917–2009), Lithuanian émigré poet and editor.
• Lina Braknytė (born 1952), Lithuanian actress.
• Algirdas Brazauskas (1932–2010), Lithuanian President and Prime Minister.
• Danutė Budreikaitė (born 1953), Lithuanian politician and Member of the European Parliament.
• Kanstancyja Bujło (1893–1986), Belarusian poet and playwright.^[7]
• Teodor Bujnicki (1907–1944), Polish poet.
• Jan Bułhak, Polish photographer
• Vaidas Baumila (1987), Lithuanian singer and actor.

• Saint Casimir (1458–1484), patron saint of Poland and of the Lithuania.
• Dalius Čekuolis (born 1959), Lithuanian politician.
• Jan Karol Chodkiewicz (1560–1621), Lithuanian politician and hetman.^[8]
• César Cui (1835–1918), Russian composer and music critic of French, Polish and Lithuanian descent.

• Ingeborga Dapkūnaitė (born 1963), Lithuanian actress.
• Simonas Daukantas (1793–1864), Lithuanian/Samogitian historian, writer, and ethnographer.
• Mikalojus Daukša (1527–1613), publisher of the first printed Lithuanian book in GDL.
• Boris Dekanidze (1962–1995), Lithuanian stateless crime boss.
• Gintaras Didžiokas (born 1966), Lithuanian politician.
• Agnia Ditkovskyte (born 1988), Russian actress of a Lithuanian origin.
• Ignacy Domeyko (1802–1889), Polish geologist, mineralogist and engineer.
• Raminta Dvariškytė (born 1990), Lithuanian Olympic swimmer.^[9]
• Dynoro, (born 1999), Lithuanian DJ and musical producer.
• Felix Dzerzhinsky (1877–1926), Belarusian founder of the Soviet secret police.
• Audrius Dzikaras (born 1957), Lithuanian painter.

• Viktorija Faith (born 1986), Lithuanian singer, songwriter, producer, actress.
• Yechezkel Feivel (1755–1833), Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Maggid.
• Eduard Robert Flegel (1855–1886) a German explorer, role in the Scramble for Africa.^[10]
• Vaclava Fleri (1888–1983), Lithuanian painter.

• Romain Gary (1914–1980), French writer.
• Martynas Gecevičius (born 1988), Lithuanian basketball player.
• Gediminas (c. 1275–1341), Grand Duke of Lithuania, founder of Vilnius city.^[11]
• Petras Geniušas (born 1961), Lithuanian classical pianist.
• Marija Gimbutas (1921–1994), Lithuanian archeologist.
• Rolandas Gimbutis (born 1981), Lithuanian swimmer.^[12]
• Liudas Gira (1884–1946), Lithuanian poet, writer, and literary critic.
• Johann Christoph Glaubitz (c. 1700–1767), German architect.
• Kęstutis Glaveckas (1949–2021), Lithuanian politician and signature of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.
• Alexander Goldberg, (1906-1985) Israeli chemical engineer and President of the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology.
• Judah Leib Gordon (1830–1892), Israeli an important Hebrew poet of the Jewish Enlightenment.^[13]
• Antoni Gorecki (1787–1861), Polish writer, poet, soldier.
• Albertas Goštautas (c. 1480–1539), Lithuanian Chancellor of Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
• Mindaugas Griškonis (born 1986), Lithuanian Olympic rower.^[14]
• Hubertas Grušnys (1961–2006), Lithuanian media proprietor, in 1989 launched the first-ever private radio station in Lithuania and the post-communist Eastern Europe.
• Dalia Grybauskaitė (born 1956), Lithuanian politician and President of Lithuania.
• Laurynas Gucevičius (1753–1798), Lithuanian architect.
• Daina Gudzinevičiūtė (born 1965), Lithuanian shooter, Olympic gold medalist.^[15]
• Asmik Grigorian (born 1981), Lithuanian operatic soprano, named as the best female singer in International Opera Awards 2019.^[16]
• Mirga Gražinytė-Tyla (born 1986), Lithuanian conductor, music director of the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra (CBSO) in England.^[17]
• Stanisław Gudowski (1918–2011) Lithuanian World War II tank commander.^[18]

• Menahem Manesh Hayyut (died 1636), Polish rabbi.
• Jascha Heifetz (1901–1987), Lithuanian-American violinist.
• Ulrich Hosius (1455–1535), German descent from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

• Juozas Imbrasas (born 1941), Lithuanian former mayor of Vilnius.
• Jurga Ivanauskaitė (1961–2007), Lithuanian writer.
• Victor Ivanoff (1909–1990), South African artist, cartoonist and singer.

• Edgaras Jankauskas (born 1975), first Lithuanian footballer to win the UEFA Champions League in 2004.
• Gintaras Januševičius (born 1985), Lithuanian pianist, music educator, event producer, radio presenter, and philanthropist.
• Simas Jasaitis (born 1982), Lithuanian basketball player.
• Rolandas Jasevičius (born 1982), Lithuanian boxer.
• Paweł Jasienica (1909–1970), Polish historian, journalist and soldier.
• Jakub Jasiński (1761–1794), Polish general.
• Władysław II Jagiełło (c. 1352/1362–1434), Grand Duke of Lithuania.^[19]
• Arvydas Juozaitis (born 1956), Lithuanian writer, philosopher, politician, swimmer, Olympic bronze medalist.^[20]
• Eglė Jurgaitytė (born 1998), Lithuanian singer and radio presenter.

• Virgilijus Kačinskas (born 1959), Lithuanian architect and politician, signed the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.
• Lina Kačiušytė (born 1963), Lithuanian swimmer, Olympic gold medalist.^[21]
• Zebi Hirsch Kaidanover (c. 1650–1712), German rabbi and writer.^[22]
• Saint Raphael Kalinowski (1835–1907), Polish Discalced Carmelite friar inside the Russian partition of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth; teacher, engineer, prisoner of war, royal tutor and priest.
• Ihnat Kančeŭski (pen name: Ihnat Abdziralovič), (1896-1923), Belarusian poet, philosopher and publicist.^[23]
• Rita Karin (1919–1993), Polish-born American actress.
• Mieczysław Karłowicz (1876–1909), Polish composer and conductor.
• Rimantas Kaukėnas (born 1977), Lithuanian basketball player.
• Antanas Kavaliauskas (born 1984), Lithuanian professional basketball player, 2005 FIBA Under-21 World Championship gold medalist.
• Nomeda Kazlaus, (born 1974), Lithuanian opera singer appearing internationally, TV Host.
• Valdas Kazlauskas (born 1958), Lithuanian athlete and coach.
• Dvora Kedar (1924–2023), Israeli actress.
• Vytautas Kernagis (1951–2008), Lithuanian singer-songwriter, considered a pioneer of Lithuanian sung poetry.
• Rebeka Kim (born 1998), South Korean figure skater.
• Gediminas Kirkilas (born 1951), Lithuanian politician former Prime Minister of Lithuania.
• Szymon Konarski (1808–1839), Polish radical democratic politician and revolutionary.
• Oskaras Koršunovas (born 1969), Lithuanian theatre director.
• Simon Kovar (born Kovarski) (1890–1970), Russian-born American bassoonist.
• Boris Kowerda (1907–1987), anti-Soviet Belarusian activist convicted of murdering Pyotr Voykov, Soviet ambassador to Poland in Warsaw in 1927.^[24]
• Saint Maria Faustina Kowalska (1905–1938), Polish Roman Catholic nun and mystic.
• Józef Ignacy Kraszewski (1812–1887), Polish writer, historian, journalist, scholar, painter and author.^[25]
• Andrius Kubilius (born 1956), Lithuanian politician Prime Minister of Lithuania.
• Jonas Kubilius (1921–2011), Lithuanian mathematician who works in probability theory and number theory.
• Abraomas Kulvietis (c. 1509–1545), Lithuanian reformer, publicist.
• Jolanta Kvašytė (born 1956), Lithuanian ceramic artist.

• Bernard Ładysz (1922–2020), Polish bass-baritone and actor.
• Vytautas Landsbergis (born 1932), politician, contributed to the demise of the Soviet Union.
• Joachim Lelewel (1786–1861), Polish historian.^[26]
• Jacob Liboschütz (1741–1827), physician.
• Romas Lileikis (born 1959), poet, musician, film director.
• Michalo Lituanus, (ca.1500-ca.1550) unidentified humanist author of the 16th century.
• Eduard Lobau (born 1988), Belarusian activist with the nation's democracy movement.
• Józef Łukaszewicz (1863–1928), Polish physicist, geologist and mineralogist.
• Meilė Lukšienė (1913–2009), cultural historian and activist.
• Jolanta Lothe (1942–2022), Polish actress.

• Józef Mackiewicz (1902–1985), Polish writer.
• Hillel Noah Maggid (1829–1903), Russian-Jewish genealogist and historian.
• Andrius Mamontovas (born 1967), Lithuanian rock musician.
• Maria Malanowicz-Niedzielska (1899–1943), Polish actress.
• Gritė Maruškevičiūtė (born 1989), Lithuanian Miss Lithuania 2010.^[27]
• Vilija Matačiūnaitė (born 1986), Lithuanian singer, actress and songwriter.
• Raimundas Mažuolis (born 1972), Lithuanian swimmer, olympic medalist.
• Rachel Messerer (1902–1993), Russian silent film and theatre actress.
• Henrikas Mickevičius [lt] (born 1954), Lithuanian lawyer.
• Adam Mickiewicz (1798–1855), Polish poet.^[28]
• Jeronimas Milius (born 1984), Lithuanian singer.^[29]
• Czesław Miłosz (1911–2004), Polish poet, Nobel prize in Literature.
• Lazar Minor (1855–1942), Russian neurologist.
• Vytautas Miškinis (born 1954), Lithuanian music composer, choral conductor and academic teacher.
• Joanna Moro (born 1984), Lithuanian-born Polish film and theater actress, singer and TV presenter.
• Gediminas Motuza (born 1946), Lithuanian geologist and author of geology textbooks.
• Yana Maksimava (born 1989), Lithuanian-Belarusian heptathlete.
• Andrius Mamontovas (born 1967), Lithuanian rock musician.

• Onutė Narbutaitė (born 1956), Lithuanian composer.
• Ludwik Narbutt (1832–1863), Lithuanian military commander.
• Teodor Narbutt (1784–1864), Polish–Lithuanian romantic historian and military engineer.
• Henrikas Natalevičius (born 1953), Lithuanian painter.
• Eimuntas Nekrošius (1952–2018), Lithuanian theatre director.
• Henryk Niewodniczański (1900–1968), Polish physicist.

• Nijolė Oželytė-Vaitiekūnienė (born 1954), Lithuanian actress, signed the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.

• Bohdan Paczyński (1940–2007), Polish astronomer.
• Rolandas Paksas (born 1956), Lithuanian politician.
• Jerzy Passendorfer (1923–2003), Polish film director.
• Artūras Paulauskas (born 1953), Lithuanian politician.
• Algirdas Petrulis (1915–2010), Lithuanian painter.
• Józef Piłsudski (1867–1935), Polish politician, military commander and Polish head of state.
• Emilia Plater (1806–1831), Polish revolutionary and female military commander.
• Kazimierz Plater (1915–2004), Polish chess master.
• Martynas Pocius (born 1986), Lithuanian professional basketball player, has played for Lithuania.
• Karol Podczaszyński (1790–1860), Polish architect.
• Romualdas Požerskis (born 1951), Lithuanian photographer.
• Daniel Prenn (1904–1991), Russian-born German, Polish, and British world-top-ten tennis player.
• Airinė Palšytė (born 1992), Lithuanian high jumper.

• Antoni Radziwiłł (1775–1833), Polish and Prussian noble, aristocrat, musician and politician.
• Barbara Radziwiłł (Barbora Radvilaitė) (1520–1551), Queen of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
• Clara Rockmore (1911–1998), Lithuanian classical violin prodigy and a virtuoso performer of the theremin.
• Michał Pius Römer (1880–1945), Lithuanian-Polish rector of Vytautas Magnus University, lawyer.
• Michał Józef Römer (1778–1853), Lithuanian-Polish writer and politician.
• Helena Romer-Ochenkowska (1875–1947) Polish writer, columnist, theatre critic and activist.
• Maria Roszak (1908–2018), Polish nun awarded Righteous Among the Nations.
• Audrius Rudys (born 1951), Lithuanian economist, politician, signed the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.
• Ferdynand Ruszczyc (1870–1936), Polish painter, printmaker, and stage designer.

• Kristina Sabaliauskaitė (born 1974), Lithuanian writer and art historian.
• Kristina Saltanovič (born 1975), Lithuanian athlete.
• Lew Sapieha (1557–1633), Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth politician and military commander.
• Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski (1595–1640), Polish poet.^[30]
• Šarūnas Sauka (born 1958), Lithuanian postmodern painter.
• Andrew Schally (1926–2024), Polish-American endocrinologist and Nobel Prize laureate.
• Kalman Schulman (1819–1899), Jewish writer and translator.
• Žydrūnas Savickas (born 1975), Lithuanian Strongman champion.
• Lasar Segall (1891–1957), Brazilian Jewish painter, engraver and sculptor.
• Zemach Shabad (1864 - 1935) a Jewish medical doctor and social and political activist.
• Esther Shalev-Gerz (born 1948), Jewish contemporary artist.
• Kazimierz Siemienowicz (c. 1600 – c. 1651), Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth military commander, engineer, theorist of artillery and pioneer of rocketry.
• Deividas Sirvydis (born 2000), Lithuanian basketball player in the NBA.
• Konstantinas Sirvydas (1579–1631), Lithuanian lexicographer, writer.
• Piotr Skarga (1536–1612), Polish theologian, writer and the first rector of the Wilno Academy.^[31]
• Francysk Skaryna (c. 1490 – 1552), Belarusian humanist, physician, and translato, publisher of first printed Ruthenian Bible.
• Boris Skossyreff (1896–1989), Russian adventurer, international swindler and pretender, King of Andorra.
• Mykolas Sleževičius (1882–1939), Lithuanian lawyer, political and cultural figure, and journalist, Prime Minister of Lithuania.
• Juliusz Słowacki (1809–1849), Polish poet.
• Antanas Smetona (1874–1944), Lithuanian intellectual, journalist and the first publicist, President of Lithuanian Republic.
• Elijah ben Solomon, Gaon mi Vilna (1720–1797), Lithuanian Jewish scholar and Kabbalist.
• Blessed Michał Sopoćko (1888–1975), Polish Apostle of Divine Mercy.
• Jędrzej Śniadecki (1768–1838), Polish writer, physician, chemist, biologist and philosopher.
• Audrius Stonys (born 1966), Lithuanian renowned documentary filmmaker.
• Vytautas Straižys (1936–2021), Lithuanian astronomer, developer of Vilnius photometric system.
• Władysław Syrokomla (1823–1862), Polish poet, writer and translator.
• Deividas Šemberas (born 1978), Lithuanian football player.
• Algirdas Šemeta (born 1962), Lithuanian economist and the European Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud.
• Stasys Šilingas (1885–1962), Lithuanian lawyer and statesman, a significant figure in the history of Lithuania's independence.
• Tadas Šuškevičius (born 1985), Lithuanian athlete.

• Emanuel Tanay (1928–2014), Polish-American Holocaust survivor and American forensic psychiatrist.
• Aurimas Taurantas (born 1956), Lithuanian politician and signature of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.
• Yemima Tchernovitz-Avidar (1909–1998), Israeli author.
• Vytautas Tomaševičius (born 1972), Lithuanian painter.
• Auksė Treinytė (born 1952), Lithuanian former sport shooter.
• Eustachy Tyszkiewicz (1814–1873), Polish-Lithuanian historian.

• Antoni Uniechowski (1903–1976), Polish illustrator.

• Rimantė Valiukaitė (born 1970), Lithuanian actress.
• Moi Ver (1904–1995), Israeli photographer and painter.
• Alis Vidūnas (1934–2009), Lithuanian politician.
• Jonas Vileišis (1872–1942), Lithuanian lawyer, politician, and diplomat.
• Petras Vileišis (1851–1926), Lithuanian millionaire, mecenate, politician, publisher.
• Tomas Venclova (born 1937), Lithuanian poet, prose writer, scholar, philologist and translator of literature
• Zygmunt Vogel (1764–1826), Polish painter.
• Giedrė Voverienė (born 1968), Lithuanian orienteering competitor.
• Vytautas the Great (1344–1430), Grand Duke of Lithuania.^[32]

• Chaim Weizmann (1874–1952), Russian-born biochemist, Zionist politician and the first president of Israel.
• Jan Kazimierz Wilczyński (1806–1885), Polish-Lithuanian archaeologist.
• Antoni Wiwulski (1877–1919), Polish-Lithuanian architect and sculptor.
• Tadeusz Wróblewski (1858–1925), Polish noble, politician, lawyer, bibliophile and cultural activist.

• Dov Yaffe (1928–2017), Polish-born Israeli rabbi, mashgiach, and leader of the Musar movement.

• Ludwik Zamenhof (1859–1917), Polish philologist, creator of Esperanto.
• Albert Żamett (1821–1876), Polish–Russian landscapes painter.^[33][34]
• Tomasz Zan (1796–1855), Polish–Belarusian poet and activist.
• Alexander Zass (1888-1962) Russian strongman, professional wrestler, and animal trainer.
• Aleksander Zawadzki (1859–1926), Polish political and educational activist, publicist.^[35]
• Yitzhak Zuckerman (1915–1981), Polish–Israeli one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
• Robertas Žulpa (born 1960), Lithuanian swimmer, Olympic champion.
• Artūras Zuokas (born 1968), mayor of Vilnius city municipality (2000–2007 and 2011–2015), Lithuanian politician.