Epstein Files Full PDF

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (June 2025) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 1,789 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Lomografie]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|de|Lomografie}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Lomography, or simply lomo, is a photographic style which involves taking spontaneous photographs with minimal attention to technical details. Lomographic images often exploit the unpredictable, non-standard optical traits of toy cameras (such as light leaks and irregular lens alignment), and non-standard film processing techniques for aesthetic effect.^[1][2] Similar-looking techniques with digital photography, often involving "lomo" image filters in post-processing, may also be considered lomographic.^[3]

"Lomography" is claimed as a commercial trademark by Lomographische GmbH. However, it has become a genericised trademark; most camera phone photo editor apps include a "lomo" filter.^[3]

While cheap plastic toy cameras using film often used in lomography were and are produced by multiple manufacturers, Lomography is named after the Soviet-era cameras produced by Leningradskoye Optiko-Mekhanicheskoye Obyedinenie. Formerly a state-run optics manufacturer, LOMO privatised following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and became LOMO PLC. The company created and produced the 35 mm LOMO LC-A Compact Automat camera, now central to the lomography movement. This camera was loosely based upon the Cosina CX-1 introduced in the early 1980s.^[4] The LOMO LC-A produces "unique, colorful, and sometimes blurry" images.^[5]

Lomography has been a highly social pursuit since 1992, with local and international events organised by Lomographische GmbH. Lomographische, doing business as Lomography, is also a commercial company selling analogue cameras, films and accessories.^[2] The company continues to promote the Lomographic style; however, it is not necessary to use the company's products to take lomographic photos.^[3]

You can help expand this section with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (June 2025) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 1,789 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Lomography]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|de|Lomography}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

This section has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This section contains promotional content. Please help improve it by removing promotional language and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a neutral point of view. See our advice if the article is about you and read our scam warning in case someone asks for money to edit this article. (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Lomographische GmbH, doing business as Lomography, is a commercial company headquartered in Vienna, Austria, which sells cameras, accessories, and film.^[2] It hosts local and international events through its non-profit division, the Lomographic Society International. The company is the namesake of the lomography genre of experimental photography.

The Lomographic Society International was founded in 1992 by a group of Viennese students interested in the LC-A.^[6][7][8] Lomography started as an art movement through which the students put on exhibitions of photos; the art movement then developed into the Lomographische AG, a commercial enterprise.^[8]

Lomography signed an exclusive distribution agreement with LOMO PLC in 1995—becoming the sole distributor of all LOMO LC-A cameras outside of the former Soviet Union.^[9] The new company reached an agreement with the deputy mayor of St Petersburg, the future Russian Prime Minister and President, Vladimir Putin, to receive a tax break in order to keep the LOMO factory in the city open.^[2]

Since the introduction of the original LOMO LC-A, Lomography has produced a line of their own film cameras. In 2005, production of the original LOMO LC-A was discontinued. Its replacement, the LOMO LC-A+, was introduced in 2006. The new camera, made in China rather than Russia, featured the original Russian lens manufactured by LOMO PLC.^[10] This changed as of mid-2007 with the lens now made in China as well. In 2012 the LC-A+ camera was re-released as a special edition.^[11] It costs ten times the original secondhand value of the old LOMO LC-A.^[2]

The Lomographic Society International (Lomography) has moved on to produce their own range of analogue cameras, films and accessories. Lomography has also released products catered to digital devices, such as the Smartphone Film Scanner;^[12] and several lenses such as the Daguerreotype Achromat lens collection^[13] for analogue and digital SLR cameras with Canon EF, Nikon F or Pentax K mounts, inspired by 19th century Daguerreotype photography. In 2013, together with Zenit, Lomography produced a new version of the Petzval Lens designed to work with Canon EF and Nikon F mount SLR cameras.

Some have questioned the pricing of Lomography's plastic "toy" cameras,^[14] which run from US$100^[14] to $400.^[2]

Cameras that have been marketed by Lomography:

• LOMO LC-A+^[2]
• LC-A 120^[15][16]
• Lomo LC-Wide
• Diana F+^[6]
• Diana Mini – a 35 mm version of the Diana F+
• Diana Baby – a 110 format version of the Diana F+
• Diana Multi Pinhole Operator
• Diana Instant Square
• Spinner 360° – a 360° panoramic camera
• Sprocket Rocket
• ActionSampler – a four-lensed miniature 35 mm camera
• Pop-9
• Oktomat
• Fisheye One
• Fisheye No.2
• Fisheye Baby – a 110 format version of the Fisheye No.2
• Colorsplash
• Colorsplash Flash
• SuperSampler

• La Sardina

• Fritz the Blitz Flash
• LomoKino – a 35 mm analog movie camera
• Konstruktor – a build-it-yourself 35 mm SLR camera
• HydroChrome Sutton's Panoramic Belair Camera
• LomoMod No.1 – a flat-packed DIY cardboard medium format camera
• LomoApparat
• Lomo'Instant
• Lomo'Instant Automat
• Lomo'Instant Automat Glass
• Lomo'Instant Wide
• Lomomatic 110^[17] – a new 110 format camera with a glass lens

The company produces 35 mm, 120 and 110 film in color negative, black and white as well as redscale. Lomography also produces its own range of experimental color-shifting film called LomoChrome.^[18]

• 
  A Fisheye 2 with a fisheye viewfinder
• 
  A 1988 LOMO LC-A camera
• 
  Fisheye-lens photo of Wakayama Castle
• 
  Lomography Supersampler
• 
  Lomography Action Sampler
• 
  Photo taken with a Lomography Oktomat with 8 sequentially-firing shutters
• 
  A VistaQuest VQ1005 1.3 MegaPixel digital keychain camera

• Lo-fi photography

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lomography.

• Lomographische GmbH's website
• Lily Rothman (10 May 2012). "Lomography and the 'Analogue Future'". Time.
• Tyler Lee (18 April 2017). "Lomography Reinvigorates The Disposable Camera With 'Simple Use'". Ubergizmo.
• "What is Lomography?". 1stWebDesigner. 5 May 2017.
• "What is Lomography or lomo camera?". The Darkroom Photo Lab. 11 February 2016.