Lower Chulym dialect

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Lower Chulym
Ӧс (июс) тили
Native to	Russia
Region	Siberia
Ethnicity	Lower Chulyms
Extinct	2011^[1]
Language family	Turkic Common Turkic Siberian Turkic South Siberian Chulym Lower Chulym
Dialects	Küärik Ketsik Yezhi Yatsi Chibi
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Linguist List	`clw-low`
Glottolog	`lowe1396`

Lower Chulym is a Turkic dialect of Chulym formerly spoken by the Chulyms on the lower course of the Chulym river and its tributaries, the Kiya and the Yaya in Russia. It went extinct in 2011.

Research

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When the Russian researcher Dulzon began to study Lower Chulym in the 1940s, the Lower Chulym Turks numbered no more than 250. In the 1990s, their Russification was nearly complete. The language is today, with no doubt, extinct.^[2]

Classification

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Lower Chulym is classified in the Siberian group of Turkic languages. Russian linguists consider it to be a dialect of Chulym, together with Middle Chulym. However, this question is still open.

It is sometimes classed with Northern Altai and the Kondoma dialect of Shor in a Northern Altai group. It also bears similarities with the Tom dialect of Siberian Tatar.

A third Turkic variety, Küärik, is spoken in the Chulym basin, north of Mariinsk. It is known from the work of Radloff, which come from around 1900. This dialect, which had disappeared by the time of Dulzon in 1940, was considered by Radloff to be identical to Lower Chulym.^[3]

Phonology

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Key: K - Küärik, LC - Lower Chulym

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	nʲ (K)	ŋ
Stop	voiceless	p	t	tʲ (LC)	k		ʔ
Stop	voiced	b	d		/g/
Fricative	voiceless		s	ʃ	/x/		/h/
Fricative	voiced	v	z	ʒ	ɣ	(ʁ)
Affricate	voiceless		t͡s	t͡ʃ
Affricate	voiced		d͡z (LC)
Approximant			l	j
Rhotic			r

References

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^ "Chulym Turkic". Retrieved 2024-11-22. Currently, the Lower Chulym dialect is considered extinct (the last speaker, according to Valeria Lemskaya, died in 2011).
^ Pomorska 2004, p. 13.
^ Pomorska 2004, p. 12, note.

Sources

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Бирюкович, P. M. (1997). Чулымско-тюpкский язык. In Institut âzykoznaniâ (ed.). Tûrkskie âzyki Тюркские языки. Âzyki mira Языки мира (in Russian). Moskva: Izdatel'stvo Indrik. pp. 491–497. ISBN 978-5-85759-061-4.

Pomorska, Marzanna (2004). Middle Tchulym Noun Formation. Studia Turcologica Cracoviensia. Księgarnia Akademicka. p. 256. ISBN 9788371887840.

External links

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Ethnologue: Languages of the World (unknown ed.). SIL International.^{[This citation is dated, and should be substituted with a specific edition of Ethnologue]}

Turkic languages

Proto-language

Proto-Turkic

Common Turkic

Argu

Karluk

Western	Northern Uzbek Southern Uzbek
Eastern	Ili Turki Uyghur Khoton Lop Äynu
Old	Chagatai Karakhanid Khorezmian

Kipchak

Bulgar	Bashkir Tatar Mishar Tatar Nagaibak Old Tatar
Cuman	Armeno-Kipchak Crimean Tatar Cuman Karachay-Balkar Karaim Krymchak Kumyk Mamluk-Kipchak Urum
Kyrgyz	Fergana Kipchak Kyrgyz Pamir Kyrgyz Siberian Tatar Baraba Tom Southern Altai Telengit Teleut
Nogai	Dobrujan Tatar Karakalpak Kazakh Nogai Siberian Tatar Tobol-Irtysh

Oghuz

Salar

Eastern	Khorasani Turkic Turkmen Trukhmen
Southern	Afshari Chaharmahali Turkic Qashqai Sonqori
Western	Azerbaijani North Azerbaijani South Azerbaijani Ajem-Turkic Balkan Gagauz Gagauz Karapapakh Turkish Karamanli Turkish Old Anatolian Turkish Ottoman Turkish