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Machimosauridae - Wikipedia

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Machimosauridae Temporal range: Early Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, 183–130 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Macrospondylus bollensis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Clade:	Archosauria
Clade:	Pseudosuchia
Clade:	Crocodylomorpha
Clade:	Crocodyliformes
Suborder:	†Thalattosuchia
Superfamily:	†Teleosauroidea
Family:	†Machimosauridae Jouve et al., 2016
Subgroups
†Charitomenosuchus †Clovesuurdameredeor †Deslongchampsina †Macrospondylus †Seldsienean †Machimosaurinae †Andrianavoay †Neosteneosaurus †Proexochokefalos †Machimosaurini †Lemmysuchus †Machimosaurus †Yvridiosuchus

Machimosauridae is an extinct family of teleosauroid thalattosuchian crocodyliforms.^[1] The family was first identified in 2016,^[2] when fossils of teleosauroid thalattosuchians, including an indeterminate close relative of Lemmysuchus and Machimosaurus, were described from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of Morocco.^[2] The family was largely expanded in 2020 when the systematics of Teleosauroidea were re-reviewed.^[1] Members of this family generally were larger than the teleosaurids.^[1]

Classification

Machimosauridae is a diverse group of teleosauroids, phylogenetically defined in the PhyloCode by Mark T. Young and colleagues as "the largest clade within Teleosauroidea containing Machimosaurus hugii, but not Teleosaurus cadomensis."^[3] The less inclusive subfamily Machimosaurinae is defined in the PhyloCode as "the largest clade within Teleosauroidea containing Machimosaurus hugii, but not Deslongchampsina larteti, Macrospondylus bollensis, and Charitomenosuchus leedsi".^[3] The tribe Machimosaurini contains the largest, most robust, and latest living machimosaurids and is defined in the PhyloCode as "the largest clade within Teleosauroidea containing Machimosaurus hugii, but not Neosteneosaurus edwardsi".^[3] The members of the Machimosauridae share several unique characters among teleosauroids, which are:^[1]

dorsally oriented external nares
the premaxillary anterior and anterolateral margins are not sub-vertical and do not extend ventrally
the premaxilla-maxilla suture is sub-rectangular and slightly interdigitating (most noticeably near the midline)
no anterolateral expansion of the supratemporal fenestrae
the postorbital is excluded from the orbit posteroventral margin
a mostly horizontal pterygoid with a distinct posterolateral angle
the cultriform process of the basisphenoid is exposed and bifurcates the pterygoids

The phylogenetic relationships of the Machimosauridae were analyzed in a comprehensive analysis of teleosauroid relationships. The results of the analysis are shown below:^[1]

Machimosauridae

Macrospondylus bollensis

Clovesuurdameredeor stephani

Charitomenosuchus leedsi

Seldsienean megistorhynchus

Deslongchampsina larteti

Machimosaurinae

	Proexochokefalos hebertii

	cf. Proexochokefalos bouchardi

Neosteneosaurus edwardsi

Andrianavoay baroni

Machimosaurini

Lemmysuchus obtusidens

Yvridiosuchus boutilieri

Machimosaurus buffetauti

Machimosaurus mosae

	Machimosaurus rex

	Machimosaurus hugii

Evolution

Machimosaurids grew in body size and diversified feeding strategies throughout their evolutionary history. Primitive machimosaurids, such as Macrospondylus and Charitomenosuchus, were longirostrine (long-snouted) generalists with body lengths less than 5 m (16 ft) long.^[1]^[4] Machimosaurines originated in the Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic and simultaneously underwent a decrease in snout length but an increase in body size with Neosteneosaurus reaching up to 6.6 m (22 ft) long.^[1]^[4] Machimosaurins were the largest teleosauroids, with body lengths up to 7.1 m (23 ft) (Machimosaurus rex), and were durophagous hunters, meaning they fed on hard prey.^[1]^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Johnson, Michela M.; Young, Mark T.; Brusatte, Stephen L. (2020). "The phylogenetics of Teleosauroidea (Crocodylomorpha, Thalattosuchia) and implications for their ecology and evolution". PeerJ. 8: e9808. doi:10.7717/peerj.9808. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 7548081. PMID 33083104. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
^ ^a ^b Stéphane Jouve; Bastien Mennecart; Julien Douteau; Nour-Eddine Jalil (2016). "The oldest durophagous teleosauroid (Crocodylomorpha, Thalattosuchia) from the lower Bathonian of central High Atlas, Morocco". Palaeontology. 59 (6): 863–876. Bibcode:2016Palgy..59..863J. doi:10.1111/pala.12262.
^ ^a ^b ^c Young, Mark T.; Wilberg, Eric W.; Johnson, Michela M.; Herrera, Yanina; De Andrade, Marco Brandalise; Brignon, Arnaud; Sachs, Sven; Abel, Pascal; Foffa, Davide; Fernández, Marta S.; Vignaud, Patrick; Cowgill, Thomas; Brusatte, Stephen L. (2024). "The history, systematics, and nomenclature of Thalattosuchia (Archosauria: Crocodylomorpha)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 200 (2): 547–617. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad165.
^ ^a ^b ^c Young, Mark T.; Rabi, Márton; Bell, Mark A.; Foffa, Davide; Steel, Lorna; Sachs, Sven; Peyer, Karin (2016). "Big-headed marine crocodyliforms and why we must be cautious when using extant species as body length proxies for long-extinct relatives". Palaeontologia Electronica. 19 (3): 1–14. doi:10.26879/648. ISSN 1094-8074.

Thalattosuchia

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Sauropsida
Clade: Pseudosuchia
Clade: Crocodylomorpha

Pseudosuchia

see Pseudosuchia
Thalattosuchia	see below↓

Thalattosuchia

Thalattosuchia

Turnersuchus

Teleosauroidea

Plagiophthalmosuchus

Teleosauridae

Indosinosuchus Mystriosaurus
Teleosaurinae	Platysuchus Teleosaurus
Aeolodontinae	Aeolodon Bathysuchus Mycterosuchus Sericodon

Machimosauridae

Machimosaurinae

Andrianavoay Neosteneosaurus Proexochokefalos
Machimosaurini	Lemmysuchus Machimosaurus Yvridiosuchus

Metriorhynchoidea

Metriorhynchidae

Metriorhynchinae

Gracilineustes Metriorhynchus Thalattosuchus
Rhacheosaurini	Cricosaurus Maledictosuchus Rhacheosaurus

Geosaurinae

Neptunidraco

Geosaurini

Aggiosaurus Dakosaurus Purranisaurus Torvoneustes Tyrannoneustes
Geosaurina	Geosaurus Ieldraan
Plesiosuchina	Plesiosuchus Suchodus

Nomina dubia	Enaliosuchus Neustosaurus Rhamphocephalus Steneosaurus

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