| Mactridae Temporal range: Cretaceous to Present
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| Shell of Spisula solida | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Order: | Venerida |
| Superfamily: | Mactroidea |
| Family: | Mactridae Lamarck, 1809 |
| Genera | |
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See text. | |
Mactridae, common name the trough shells or duck clams, is a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks in the order Venerida.
Description
These clams have two short siphons, each with a horny sheath. The shell is shaped like a rounded-cornered equilateral triangle and there is a slight gape at the posterior. Each valve bears two cardinal teeth with four lateral teeth on the right valve and two on the left. The foot is white and wedge-shaped. They mostly inhabit the neritic zone.[1]
Ecology
Trough shells burrow in sand or fine gravel and never in muddy substrates.[1]
Subfamilies and genera
According to the World Register of Marine Species (2025), this family contains 56 genera and is split into the following subfamilies:[2]
Subfamily Darininae
Subfamily Lutrariinae
- Eastonia J. E. Gray, 1853
- Heterocardia Deshayes, 1855
- Lutraria Lamarck, 1799
- Meropesta Iredale, 1929
- Standella J. E. Gray, 1853
- Tresus J. E. Gray, 1853[3]
- Zenatia J. E. Gray, 1853
- Zenatina Gill & Darragh, 1963
Subfamily Mactrinae
- †Allomactra Tomlin, 1931
- Austromactra Iredale, 1930
- Barymactra Cossmann, 1909
- Coelomactra Dall, 1895
- Crassula Marwick, 1948
- Cyclomactra Dall, 1895[4]
- Diaphoromactra Iredale, 1930
- Harvella J. E. Gray, 1853
- Huberimactra Cosel & Gofas, 2018
- Leptospisula Dall, 1895
- Mactra Linnaeus, 1767[3]
- Mactrella J. E. Gray, 1853
- Mactrellona J. G. Marks, 1951
- Mactrinula J. E. Gray, 1853[5]
- Mactromeris Conrad, 1868
- Mactrotoma Dall, 1894[3]
- Maorimactra H. J. Finlay, 1928
- Mulinia J. E. Gray, 1837[3]
- Oxyperas Mörch, 1853
- †Pseudocardium Gabb, 1866
- Rangia Desmoulins, 1832[3]
- †Sarmatimactra Korobkov, 1954
- Scalpomactra H. J. Finlay, 1928
- Scissodesma Gray, 1837
- Simomactra Dall, 1894[3]
- Spisula J. E. Gray, 1837[3]
- Trinitasia Maury, 1928
- Tumbeziconcha Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935
- Mactrona Marwick, 1952
- Petromactra Saul, 1973
Subfamily Resaniinae
- Resania J. E. Gray, 1853
Subfamily Tanysiphoninae
- Tanysiphon W. H. Benson, 1858
- †Aktschagylia Starobogatov, 1970
- †Aliomactra Stephenson, 1952
- †Andrussella Korobkov, 1954
- †Avimactra Andrusov, 1905
- †Caspimactra A. A. Ali-Zade & Kabakova, 1969
- †Chersonimactra Paramonova, 1978
- †Cryptomactra Andrussow, 1902
- †Cymbophora Gabb, 1869
- †Eopapyrina Woodring, 1982
- †Geltena Stephenson, 1946
- †Ionesimactra Signorelli, 2023
- †Kirghizella Andrusov, 1902
- †Mactrodesma Conrad, 1869
- Mactrona Marwick, 1952
- †Mulinoides Olsson, 1944
- †Nelltia Stephenson, 1952
- †Nymphactra Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992
- †Ovamactra Woodring, 1982
- Petromactra Saul, 1973
- †Planimactra Ionesi, 1986
- †Podolimactra Ionesi, 1986
- †Praerangia Cossmann, 1908
- †Priscomactra Stephenson, 1952
- †Pseudomactra Steklov, 1960
- †Pteroluter Saul, 1973
- †Stereomactra Stewart, 1930
- †Stiphromactra Böhm, 1929
- †Tenuimactra Garvie, 1996
- †Willimactra Saul, 1973
- †Zenatiopsis Tate, 1880
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mactridae.
- ^ a b Barrett, J. H.; Yonge, C. M. (1958). Collins Pocket Guide to the Sea Shore. London (UK): Collins. p. 156.
- ^ Gofas, Serge (2017-11-14). "Mactride Lamarck, 1809". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2025-03-08.
- ^ a b c d e f g Scott, Paul V. "Mactridae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- ^ Kong, Lingfeng; Li, Qi; Qiu, Zhaoxing (2007). "Genetic and morphological differentiation in the clam Coelomactra antiquata (Bivalvia: Veneroida) along the coast of China". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 343: 110–117. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2006.12.003.
- ^ Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. pp. 2 vols, 1258 pp.
- Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
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