List of major crimes in the United Kingdom

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This is a list of major crimes in the United Kingdom and Crown dependencies that received significant media coverage and/or led to changes in legislation.

Legally each deliberate and unlawful killing of a human being is murder;^[1] there is no crime of assassination or serial killing as such, for example.

Child/teenage killings

Date	Name of incident	No. of deaths	Location	Details
1867	Murder of Fanny Adams	1	Alton, Hampshire, England	Fanny Adams, 8, was brutally murdered, eviscerated and dismembered by Frederick Baker, a local solicitor's clerk. The murder indirectly gave rise to the working-class expression "sweet Fanny Adams" in the mid-20th century.
1946	Murder of Muriel Drinkwater	1	Swansea, Wales	Muriel Drinkwater, 12, was raped and murdered in the woods in Penllergaer, Swansea. The case became known as the Little Red Riding Hood murder. In 2008, a DNA profile of the suspect was extracted from her clothes, possibly the oldest one in the world to be successfully extracted in a murder investigation.^[2]
1953	Teddington towpath murders	2	Notting Hill, London, England	Two girls went missing in Teddington and were found the next day, having been raped and murdered. After the country's biggest manhunt at the time, Alfred Charles Whiteway was arrested and charged. He was found guilty at his subsequent trial and hanged. The case was described at the time as "one of Scotland Yard's most notable triumphs in a century".^[3]
1968	Murder of Roy Tutill	1	Surrey, England	Roy Tutill, 14, was raped and murdered on his way home from school. The case went unsolved for 33 years, until Brian Field was convicted of the crime after DNA evidence surfaced. In 2001, Field was sentenced to life in prison.^[4]
1984	Murder of Mark Tildesley	1	Wokingham, Berkshire, England	Seven-year-old Mark Tildesley disappeared while visiting a funfair in Wokingham, Berkshire, on the evening of 1 June 1984. He was lured away from the fair and his bicycle was found chained to railings nearby.^[5] In 1990 it emerged that Mark had been abducted, drugged, tortured, raped and murdered by a London-based paedophile gang on the night he disappeared. However, his body has never been found.^[5]^[6]
1993	Murder of James Bulger	1	Merseyside, England	A 3-year-old boy was abducted from New Strand Shopping Centre, Bootle on 12 February, having been lured away from his mother while shopping. Robert Thompson and Jon Venables, both aged 10, walked James 21⁄2 miles (4 kilometres) to a railway line in Walton, where he was tortured and murdered. The police later apprehended Thompson and Venables as CCTV images showed the boys leaving the shopping centre with the toddler. At Preston Crown Court Thompson and Venables, both then aged 11, stood trial and were found guilty by the jury. Justice Moorland sentenced Thompson and Venables to serve a minimum of 8 years at Her Majesty's pleasure. After serving 8 years both Thompson and Venables aged 18 were released back into the public on lifelong license and given new identities.
1993	Murder of Stephen Lawrence	1	London, England	On 22 April, 18 year-old Stephen Lawrence was murdered in a hate crime at a bus stop.
1994	Murder of Richard Everitt	1	London, England	On 13 August 1994, 15-year-old Richard Everitt was stabbed to death in London in a racially motivated attack. Everitt's neighbourhood, Somers Town, had been the site of ethnic tensions, and although he was not involved in gangs, he was murdered by a gang of British Bangladeshis who were seeking revenge on another White British boy. The murderer was not apprehended, as members of the gang fled to Bangladesh. Badrul Miah and Showat Akbar were tried in 1995 as the ringleaders of the gang and were given life sentences, with minimum terms of 12 years and three years in custody respectively.^[7]
2000	Murder of Victoria Climbié	1	London, England	Victoria Climbie was an eight-year-old girl who died on 25 February 2000 after being taken to North Middlesex University Hospital in Edmonton, London suffering from malnutrition and hypothermia. Originally from the Ivory Coast, Victoria was taken to first Paris then London by her aunt Marie Thérèse Kouao in a form of informal foster care common in her society. In July 1999, they moved in with Kouao's partner Carl Manning. Over the following months, Victoria experienced severe abuse and was twice admitted to hospital. The couple believed in Witchcraft and that Victoria was demonically possessed. After her death, Kouao and Manning were found guilty of her murder in January 2001. The authorities were accused of failing to sufficiently intervene to protect the girl.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]
2007	Killing of Peter Connelly	1	London, England	Peter Connelly was a 17-month-old infant who was found dead in his family home in Haringey, North London on 3 August 2007. Peter had suffered serious injuries prior to his death including a broken back, fractured ribs and a blow to the face which knocked a tooth out of his jaw. The boy had various interactions with the authorities in the months prior to his death including being briefly taken out of his mother's custody at the end of 2006. His mother Tracey Connelly, stepfather Steven Barker and stepuncle Jason Owen who were all members of the same household at the time of Peter's death were found guilty of causing his death in November 2008.^[12]^[13]
2012	Murder of April Jones	1	Powys, Wales	April Jones was a five-year-old girl from Machynlleth, Powys who disappeared after being allowed outside to play without adult supervision on the evening of 3 October 2012. A child witness said that April had climbed into a van voluntarily. The search conducted by police and volunteers to find the girl in the months after her disappearance was the largest police search in British history but achieved no results. Various evidence led to Mark Bridger being suspected of murdering April, particularly the discovery of traces of her DNA in the man's wood-burner. He was found guilty of murdering April Jones in May 2013.^[14]^[15]
2014	Murder of Breck Bednar	1	Grays, Essex, England	Breck Bednar was an English teenager of American descent from Caterham, Surrey, who was murdered by 18-year-old Lewis Daynes, an unemployed computer engineer, on 17 February 2014, at Daynes' flat in Grays, Essex. Daynes had befriended Breck through online gaming. Over time, gaining and manipulating the youth's trust and isolating him from his family and friends. On February 16, 2014, Daynes lured Breck to his apartment, claiming he needed Breck's help for his supposed computer software company. The next day, Breck was subjected to a brutal attack, resulting in his tragic murder. Daynes ultimately pleaded guilty to murder and was sentenced to 25 years to life in prison.
2018	Murder of Alesha MacPhail	1	Rothesay, Bute, Scotland	Alesha MacPhail was a 6-year-old schoolgirl from Airdrie, North Lanarkshire, Scotland who was reported missing from her grandparents' home on the Isle of Bute at 6:25am on 2 July 2018. She was staying with her father, Robert, and her grandparents, Calum and Angela MacPhail. It is claimed that Alesha's mother, Georgina Lochrane, 23, who could not be contacted immediately after Alesha went missing, found out about her daughter's disappearance and later death on the social media platform Facebook. Alesha's body was found in woodland on the site of an abandoned hotel, around 20 minutes walk from her grandparents' home. 16-year-old Aaron Campbell was eventually arrested and charged with Alesha's abduction, rape and murder and sentenced to a minimum of 27 years in jail.^[16]^[17]
2020	Murder of Arthur Lambinjo-Hughes	1	West Midlands, England	Arthur Lambinjo-Hughes was a 6-year-old boy living in Shirley, Metropolitan Borough of Solihull who was murdered by his stepmother. Arthur had been living a somewhat troubled life over a couple of years. During restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, his carers Thomas Hughes (father) and Emma Tustin's (stepmother) behaviour towards him became increasingly abusive causing his physical condition to deteriorate. On 16 June 2020, his stepmother killed him through a severe assault to his head. Tustin and Hughes were later convicted of murder and manslaughter respectively along with other charges.^[18]^[19]^[20]

Individual murders

Murder is the unlawful killing of another person without justification or valid excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human with malice aforethought.

Date	Name of incident	No. of deaths	Location	Details
1827	Red Barn Murder	1	Polstead, Suffolk, England	William Corder murdered his lover, Maria Marten, at the Red Barn, where her body was discovered after her stepmother was allegedly visited by Marten's ghost. The crime subsequently became the subject of numerous plays and musical pieces which remained popular into the 20th century. Corder was hanged in 1828.
1840	Murder of Lord William Russell	1	London, England	Russell's Swiss valet, François Courvoisier, murdered Russell after being accused of theft. Russell was the uncle of future prime minister Lord John Russell. A provincial doctor, Robert Blake Overton, wrote to the latter suggesting checking for fingerprints, but the suggestion, though followed up, did not lead to routine use of fingerprinting by the police for another fifty years.^[21]
1947	Murder of Gay Gibson	1	Off the coast of Portuguese Guinea (now Guinea-Bissau)	Eileen "Gay" Gibson, a young actress, died during a voyage from South Africa to Southampton. Her body was dumped through a porthole by James Camb, a ship's steward present in her cabin. Camb claimed that Gibson had died from a sudden illness during consensual sex, but the prosecution contended that Camb had deliberately choked or suffocated Gibson in an act of murder. Initially sentenced to death for the killing, Camb was released from prison in 1959.
1974	Lord Lucan case	1	Belgravia, London, England	John Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan, vanished upon being suspected of murdering his nanny and assaulting his wife. He has not been seen since and was declared legally dead in 1999.
1985	White House Farm murders	5	Tolleshunt D'Arcy, Essex, England	Five members of the Bamber family were shot and killed inside their farmhouse. The sole survivor, Jeremy Bamber, was convicted of the murders and sentenced to a minimum of 25 years in prison, later amended with a whole life order.
1987	Newall Murders	2	Island of Jersey	Brothers Rodrick and Mark Newall murdered and buried their parents. One brother was arrested in Paris by French police and the other was arrested in Gibraltar by the Royal Navy.^[22]
1996	Murder of Stephen Cameron	1	M25 motorway, Greater London, England	Cameron was murdered by Kenneth Noye, a convicted criminal on licence from prison, during a road rage incident. Noye was extradited from Spain two years later and sentenced to fourteen years from prison. He is currently on parole.
1999	Murder of Jill Dando	1	Fulham, London, England	Dando, a prominent BBC presenter, was shot once in the head at her front doorstep. Her killer has never been caught, although speculation has pointed to Serbian involvement stemming from the Kosovo War.
2000	Murder of Sarah Payne	1	West Sussex, England	Payne, aged 9, was murdered by sex offender Roy Whiting, resulting in changes to British child protection laws. Whiting was sentenced to life imprisonment.
2013	Murder of Lee Rigby	1	London, England	Rigby, a British Army soldier, was off-duty when he was run over by a car and hacked to death by two men with knives and a cleaver. The killing created a rise in anti-Islam sentiment across the UK, and news agencies were criticized for showing video footage of the murder. The assailants were identified as Michael Adebolajo and Michael Adebowale to avenge the killing of Muslims by the British armed forces. They were sentenced to life imprisonment.
2016	Murder of Jo Cox	1	Birstall, West Yorkshire, England	On 16 June 2016 Jo Cox, a Labour MP died after being shot and stabbed multiple times duiring a constituent surgery in Birstall, West Yorkshire. Thomas Alexander Mair was found guilty of her murder. The judge concluded that Mair wanted to advance white supremacy and exclusive nationalism most associated with Nazism and its modern forms. He was sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order.^[23]^[24]
2018	Murder of Joy Morgan	1	London, England	Morgan, a British university student, was murdered by a member of her church, Shofah-El Israel, in December 2018. Israel was sentenced to life imprisonment in July 2019. Morgan's remains were located after the trial in October 2019.^[25]
2021	Murder of Sarah Everard	1	London and Kent, England	Everard, a young marketing manager, was arrested by Wayne Cousens, an off-duty policeman, under the pretense of breaching COVID-19 restrictions, then was raped, murdered and dumped by Cousens. He was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment.
2021	Murder of David Amess	1	Leigh-on-Sea, Essex, England	On 15 October 2021 Conservative MP David Amess was fatally stabbed during a constituency surgery in Leigh-on-Sea, Essex. His killer was Ali Harbi Ali, a British Islamic State sympathiser, who was arrested at the scene. In April 2022, Ali was convicted of murder and the preparation of terrorist acts, and sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order.^[26]^[27]

Spree killings

Date	Name of perpetrator(s)	No. of deaths	Location	Details
1987	Hungerford massacre	16	Savernake Forest, Wiltshire Hungerford, Berkshire	27-year-old Michael Robert Ryan shoots multiple people including his own mother and a police officer before dying of suicide. No motive was ever established. ^[28]
1996	Dunblane massacre	18	Dunblane, Stirling	Thomas Hamilton shoots dead 16 school children and their teacher dying of suicide. Hamilton had been the subject of several complaints to police regarding inappropriate behaviour towards young boys, including claims that he had taken photographs of semi-naked boys. It remains the deadliest mass shooting in British history.^[29]
2010	Cumbria shootings	14	30 sites throughout West Cumbria	Taxi driver Derrick Bird killed 12 people including his twin brother and two other people known to Bird. Bird shot a further 11 who survived with injuries. He died of suicide while being hunted by the police. No motive was formally established, but there has been speculation that Bird may have had a grudge against people associated with the Sellafield nuclear site where he had worked as a joiner. Bird was being investigated by HM Revenue and Customs at the time of the shooting.^[30]
2021	Plymouth shooting	6	Keyham, Plymouth, Devon	22-year-old Jake Davison from Plymouth, shot and killed five people, including his mother and a 3-year-old girl. Davison also injured two others before fatally shooting himself. A source close to the family said that Davison had recently deteriorated after suffering from mental health problems for most of his life, and that his mother was "begging for help from the authorities but nobody did a welfare check".^[31] Videos uploaded to YouTube by Davison included references to "inceldom", the black pill worldview and general nihilism.^[32] In his last video, Davison described himself as "beaten down and defeated by life".^[33]

Serial killings

Date	Name of perpetrator(s)	No. of deaths	Location	Details
1828	William Burke and William Hare	16	Edinburgh, Scotland	Murdered sixteen lodgers in order to sell their bodies to an anatomy lecturer. Burke was hanged, while Hare was released.
1865–1873	Mary Ann Cotton	21	Sunderland, England	Believed to have murdered up to 21 people, mainly by arsenic poisoning. Many of her victims had married her.^[34]
1888	Jack the Ripper	6	Whitechapel, London, England	Murdered five women. Never captured nor conclusively identified.
1943–1953	John Christie	8+	Notting Hill, London, England	Murdered several women as well as Beryl Evans and her infant daughter Geraldine, resulting in her husband Timothy Evans being wrongfully convicted and executed of their murders. Was himself executed in 1953.
1963–1965	Ian Brady and Myra Hindley	5	Manchester, England	Murdered five children and buried their bodies on Saddleworth Moor. Hindley was sentenced to prison while Brady was sectioned to Ashworth Hospital; they died in 2002 and 2017, respectively.
1968–1969	Bible John	3	Glasgow, Scotland	Murdered three young women he had encountered at the Barrowland Ballroom in Glasgow. Remains unidentified.
1975–1980	Peter Sutcliffe	13	West Yorkshire, England	Murdered thirteen women. Sentenced to life imprisonment under a whole life order before being transferred to Broadmoor Hospital. Died in 2020.
1978–1983	Dennis Nilsen	12-15	Muswell Hill, London, England	Killed over a dozen people and kept body parts in his private residences. Given a life sentence. Died in 2018.
1973–1987	Fred and Rose West	13+	Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England	Tortured, killed, and buried a dozen young girls in their family residence in Gloucester. Fred committed suicide before he could be brought to trial, while Rose was sentenced to life imprisonment under a whole life order.
1991	Beverley Allitt	4	Grantham, Lincolnshire, England	Killed four infants in her capacity as a pediatric nurse. Received thirteen life sentences for the murders and other crimes targeting infants.
1975–1998	Harold Shipman	15 convicted, possibly up to 250	Hyde, Greater Manchester, England	Murdered hundreds of patients in his capacity as a general practitioner, and regarded as one of the most prolific serial killers in recorded history. Committed suicide in prison in 2004.
2015–2016	Lucy Letby	7	Countess of Chester Hospital, England	Neonatal nurse convicted in 2023.

Sex crimes

Date	Name of perpetrator(s)	No. of deaths	Location	Details
1970s–1980s	Medomsley Detention Centre	Unknown	Durham, England	A prison for young male offenders where more than 1,800 living former inmates have reported sexual and physical abuse by staff.^[35] Many of the prison guards are believed to have belonged to a paedophile ring.^[36]
1955–2009	Jimmy Savile	Unknown	Various	Television personality who used his celebrity status as a BBC Television personality,to sexually abuse hundreds of children and young people over a fifty-year period, with his victims including audience members, patients at Stoke Mandeville Hospital and Leeds General Infirmary, and inmates at Broadmoor Hospital. Crimes did not become publicly known until almost a year after his death in 2011.
2010	Derby child sex abuse ring	Unknown	Derby, Derbyshire, England	A group of men who sexually abused up to a hundred girls in Derby, in one of the most severe cases of sexual abuse in recent times. In 2010, after an undercover investigation by Derbyshire police, members of the group were charged with 75 offences relating to 26 girls. Nine of the 13 accused were convicted of grooming and raping girls between 12 and 18 years old.^[37] The attacks provoked fierce discussion about race and sexual exploitation.
2015-2017	Reynhard Sinaga	Unknown	Manchester, England	Serial rapist who lured his male victims to his home in Manchester and then drugged and raped or sexually assaulted them. Convicted of 159 assaults but thought to have been responsible for at least 206, Sinaga was described by the Crown Prosecution Service as the most prolific serial rapist in British legal history.

Organised crime, corporate crime, employment related crime, corruption, criminal conspiracies and terrorism

References

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^ Gabriel, Clare (5 November 2008). "Mystery of 1946 murder in woods". BBC News. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
^ Cullen, Pamela V., A Stranger in Blood: The Case Files on Dr. John Bodkin Adams, London, Elliott & Thompson, 2006, ISBN 1-904027-19-9
^ "Man jailed for 1968 schoolboy murder". BBC News. 15 November 2001. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Cooke: The predatory paedophile". BBC News. 17 December 1999. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
^ "Paedophile gets life for killing boy, 7, at orgy: Homosexual ring abducted children and drugged them for group sex". The Independent. 23 October 1992. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
^ "Fear and loathing after 'racial' murder: Gangs of teenagers have vowed". Independent.co.uk. 16 August 1994.
^ Laming, p. 25.
^ Batty, David. "Key figures in the Climbié case". The Guardian. 4 February 2002. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
^ Dobinson, Isabel (2018-12-23). "The legacy of a little girl whose murder rocked the nation". MyLondon. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
^ "Victoria carers guilty of murder". 2003-02-20. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
^ "Timeline of Baby P case". BBC News. 2013-10-08. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
^ "Baby P: catalogue of failings resulted in death". www.telegraph.co.uk. 11 August 2009. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
^ Morris, Steven (2013-05-30). "April Jones murder case - timeline". The Guardian. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
^ Rowland, Paul (2013-05-30). "April Jones: A 'happy-go-lucky' little girl who never let her cerebral palsy slow her down". WalesOnline. Retrieved 2021-12-31.
^ "Boy, 16, guilty of Alesha rape and murder". 21 February 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2019 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
^ "Alesha MacPhail murder: Life sentence for Aaron Campbell after he admits guilt". BBC News. 21 March 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
^ Wall, Mark (3 December 2021). High Court Judgement: Regina - v – Emma Tustin & THomas Hughes Sentencing Remarks (PDF) (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
^ Jackson, Carl (2021-12-02). "How lockdown was beginning of the end for tragic Arthur - timeline". BirminghamLive. Retrieved 2022-07-02.
^ "Timeline of the key missed opportunities leading up to Arthur's death revealed". ITV News. 2022-05-26. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 2022-06-10.
^ Alberge, Dalya (9 December 2012). "Vital clue ignored for 50 years". Independent. London. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
^ "The Newall Murders". www.bbc.co.uk.
^ Cobain, Ian; Parveen, Nazia; Taylor, Matthew (23 November 2016). "The slow-burning hatred that led Thomas Mair to murder Jo Cox". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
^ "Man guilty of murdering MP Jo Cox". BBC News. 23 November 2016. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
^ "Joy Morgan: Murdered student 'may have been given drugs without knowing'". BBC News. 2021-01-20. Retrieved 2021-01-27.
^ Walker, Peter; Dodd, Vikram (15 October 2021). "Conservative MP David Amess stabbed in Essex attack". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
^ "R -v- Ali Harbi Ali: Sentencing remarks". judiciary.uk. 13 April 2022.
^ "Massacre: An afternoon that changed a town forever". BBC News. 18 August 2017. Archived from the original on 11 March 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
^ "Mass shootings and gun control". BBC News. 2 June 2010. Archived from the original on 1 April 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
^ "Police seize killer's paperwork". BBC News. 6 June 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
^ Hamilton, Jane; Shaw, Neil (13 August 2021). "Plymouth gunman spent time on remote island with his family". HullLive. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
^ "Plymouth shooting suspect Jake Davison liked gun videos and talked about 'incel' in weeks before attack". Sky News. 13 August 2021. Archived from the original on 13 August 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
^ Topping, Alexandra (13 August 2021). "Plymouth shootings may be a sign 'incel' culture is spreading". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
^ Flanders, Judith (2011). The Invention of Murder. London: Harper Press. p. 394. ISBN 978-0-00-724888-9.
^ "Medomsley: Prison officers who subjected vulnerable teenagers to daily abuse at detention centre jailed". Northern Echo. 4 April 2019. Archived from the original on 5 April 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
^ "'Shock' over number of abuse claims". Belfast Telegraph. 29 March 2014. Archived from the original on 19 May 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
^ Britten, Nick (25 November 2010). "Asian gang prowled streets searching for rape victims". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12.

Flanders, Judith (2011). The Invention of Murder. London: Harper Press. ISBN 978-0-00-724888-9.

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