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Look up manumation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Manumation is the automation of paper based processes in public sector and business without improvement regarding its efficiency.^[1] Automation of an inefficient process does not lead to an improvement in case of manumation.^[2] This term could be seen as a sarcastic description of the digital replication and mimicking of frequently ineffective and even broken paper-based processes in first phase of the societal digitalisation, from 1995 to 2015.^[1]

Manumation is also a term for automated systems, which require more manual work than the original manual process.^[3]

Definitions

Origin	Year	Definition
Motamarri Saradhi^[4]	1994	"[M]anumation is the narrow interpretation of the work analysis ... as the study of the existing system in view of computerizing its operations"
William K. Holstein and Jakov Crnkovic^[5]	2003	Formula for manumation is "Old Processes plus New Technology equals Expensive Old Processes"
Hans J. Scholl^[6]	2005	"[C]omputer-aiding existing processes and procedures, while processes and structures basically [remain] unchanged"

Examples

Computerized transaction processing is the automation of previously manual transactions.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b Scholl, Hans J. (19 February 2020). "Digital Government: Looking Back and Ahead on a Fascinating Domain of Research and Practice". Digital Government: Research and Practice. 1 (1): 7:1–7:12. doi:10.1145/3352682. ISSN 2691-199X. S2CID 211519497.
^ Zandin, Diane (14 February 2010). "Evaluation and Development of Selection Criteria to Guide Organizational Selection of a Project Management Maturity Model". Regis University Student Publications (Comprehensive Collection).
^ Niemann, Johan (2013). Development of a reconfigurable assembly system with enhanced control capabilities and virtual commissioning (Thesis). Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State. hdl:11462/184.
^ Saradhi, Motamarri (April 1994). "Re-Engineer: If It Wasn't Engineered!". ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes. 19 (2): 17. doi:10.1145/181628.969585. ISSN 0163-5948. S2CID 5311983.
^ Holstein, William K.; Crnkovic, Jakov (2005). "Measurement Issues in Decision Support Systems". Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, First Edition: 1906–1911. doi:10.4018/978-1-59140-553-5.ch336.
^ Scholl, Hans Jochen (2005). "Organizational Transformation Through E-Government: Myth or Reality?". Electronic Government. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 3591. Springer. pp. 1–11. doi:10.1007/11545156_1. ISBN 978-3-540-28466-6.
^ Barzilai-Nahon, Karine; Scholl, Hans Jochen (2010). "Siblings of a Different Kind: E-Government and E-Commerce". Electronic Government. 6228: 25–37. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14799-9_3.

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