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Memphis rap - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Memphis rap
Stylistic origins	Southern hip hop horrorcore gangsta rap lo-fi ^[1]
Cultural origins	Mid-to-late 1980s, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
Typical instruments	Sequencer sampler keyboard drum machine synthesizer
Other topics
Crunk trap phonk

Memphis rap, also known as Memphis hip hop, or Memphis horrorcore,^[2] is a regional subgenre of hip hop music that originated in Memphis, Tennessee in the mid-late 1980s.

Memphis rap

It has been characterized as being low budget, using repetitive vocal hooks and a "distorted",^[3] lo-fi soundscape^[2] that uses the Roland TR-808 drum machine^[4] and minimal synth melodies.^[5] The genre commonly features double time flows with triplet flows,^[3] and routinely uses samples ranging from soul and funk to horror film scores and classical music, as well as hooks from songs by related rappers in the same genre, although DIY production without sampling is common as well.^[6] Because of the lack of resources, bedroom studios were often pushed to the extreme. Usually, the lyrics are quite dark and depict graphic subject matter.^[3] And similar to New York, their samples are known to be raw and pitched with some scratching in the background.^[7] DJ Spanish Fly had introduced the synthetic drum-kit sound with the TR-808, splitting the Memphis scene in two between those who preferred the live versus the digital sound. Alongside a strong drum beat were "cowbell, syncopated rhythms, powerful sub-bass, and sharp digital snares", these elements becoming the hallmarks of the Memphis rap sound. Looping is also a signature with no steadfast rule, although looping is used over chopped edits.^[3]

Memphis artists released recordings on independent labels. The dominance of New York and Los Angeles's hip hop scenes forced southern artists to form an underground style and sound to compete with the other regions. Artists used a grassroots approach through word-of-mouth in the club scene and mixtapes to promote their music.^[8]

Artists

DJ Spanish Fly is commonly cited as one of the pioneers of the genre,^[9] being the bridge between 1980s electro-funk and the heavier gangster rap of the following decade.^[3]

Other early artists and groups associated with Memphis rap include C-Rock, Gangsta Pat, La Chat, Skimask Troopaz, Gimisum Family, Project Pat, Tommy Wright III, Princess Loko, Da Crime Click, II Tone, DJ Squeeky, DJ Zirk, DJ Sound, Blackout, Playa Fly, Gangsta Boo, Al Kapone, Lil Heavy, Mental Ward Click, MC Mack, Lil Noid,^[10] 8Ball & MJG and Three 6 Mafia, with the latter two achieving relative commercial success.^[11]^[12]^[13] Three 6 Mafia's Mystic Stylez and other releases by members of the group such as Come with Me 2 Hell by DJ Paul and Lord Infamous^[14] and Lil Noid's Paranoid Funk^[10] were particularly influential in the genre's development.

Influence and modern sound

Despite largely staying underground, it has attained a cult following on the internet from MP3 blogs, influencing rappers such as Lil Ugly Mane, Freddie Dredd, Denzel Curry, and SpaceGhostPurrp, and has seen a large boom in popularity through other artists including Suicideboys and other artists under the G59 record label. It has also brought in the rise of crunk, trap music, and phonk.^[2]^[15]

References

^ ""Memphis rap in the 90's"" (PDF).
^ ^a ^b ^c Meara, Paul (February 7, 2014). "Come Back To Hell: The Resurgence of Memphis Horrorcore". HipHopDX. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Underground & Infamous: Early Memphis Hip-Hop". October 24, 2019.
^ Setaro, Shawn (March 14, 2016). "Are the Sounds of Regional Hip-Hop Going Extinct?". New York Observer. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
^ Chan, Nin (October 12, 2004). "Eightball & MJG :: Memphis Underworld". RapReviews.com. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
^ Nosnitsky, Andrew (September 19, 2012). "Revival Tactics". Pitchfork. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
^ ""Memphis rap in the 90's"".
^ Dempsey, Brian. "Memphis Hip Hop". Tennessee Encyclopedia. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
^ Hebblethwaite, Phil (January 25, 2011). "808 State Of Mind: Proto-Crunk Originator DJ Spanish Fly". The Quietus. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
^ ^a ^b Reid, Mark (May 22, 2015). "Lil NoiD's uncooked, influential Memphis rap cassette Paranoid Funk to receive vinyl reissue". Tiny Mix Tapes. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
^ Baker, Soren (August 30, 2008). "East Coast? West Coast? No, Try the Mississippi". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
^ Grem, Darren E. "The South Got Something to Say": Atlanta's Dirty South and the Southernization of Hip-Hop America." Southern Cultures 12.4 (2006): 55–73. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. Sep 14, 2011.
^ Westhoff, Ben. "Finger-Lickin' Rap." Utne Reader 166 (2011): 80–83. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. September 14, 2011
^ Ivey, Justin (May 23, 2015). "Three 6 Mafia's 'Mystic Stylez' Is Still a Southern Hip-Hop Essential 20 Years Later". Complex. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
^ Haynes, Gavin (January 27, 2017). "What the phonk? The genre that's gripping Generation Z". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved April 14, 2020.

External links

Memphis rap music and artists

Hip-hop

Culture

History

Subgenres

General	Alternative Hipster hop Boom bap Bounce British Road rap Chipmunk soul Chopped and screwed Chopper Cloud rap Comedy Crunk Crunkcore East Coast Freestyle rap Hyphy Jerkin' Instrumental Latin Chicano rap Lofi Miami bass Mumble rap Nerdcore Chap hop Political Conscious Progressive rap Religious Christian Jewish Snap music Southern Turntablism Underground
Hardcore	Dirty rap Gangsta rap Mafioso rap G-funk Horrorcore Memphis rap
Trap music	Afro trap Drill Brooklyn drill Jersey drill Sample drill UK drill Latin trap Phonk Plugg Rage Tread UK trap

Fusion genres

General	Country rap Electro Emo rap Hip hop soul Hip house Industrial Jazz rap New jack swing Pop rap Psychedelic rap Punk rap Ragga Rap opera Rap rock Trip hop
Rap metal	Trap metal Nu metal
Regional	Afroswing Bongo flava Boomba music Cumbia rap Genge Hip hop galsen Hipco Hiplife Igbo rap Kwaito Low bap Motswako Na mele paleoleo Nuyorican rap Romany hip hop Songo-salsa Scam rap Stronda Urban Pasifika Vigilante rap Zenji flava

Derivatives

Electronic	Breakbeat Baltimore club Florida breaks Ghetto house Ghettotech Glitch hop Grime Illbient Freestyle Wonky
Other	Funk carioca Reggaeton Alternative reggaeton

Regional scenes

African	Algerian Angolan Beninese Botswana Gambian Ghanaian Ivorian Kenyan Malawian Mauritian Moroccan Namibian Nigerian Port Harcourt Nigerien Senegalese South African Tanzanian Togolese Zambian Zimbabwean
Asian	Armenian Azerbaijani Bangladeshi Burmese Chinese Indian Desi Indonesian Japanese Korean Malaysian Mongolian Nepalese Pakistani Philippine Singapore Sri Lankan Taiwanese Thai
European	Albanian Austrian Belgian Bosnian and Herzegovinian British Celtic Scottish Bulgarian Croatian Czech Dutch Finnish French German Greek Portuguese Hungarian Icelandic Irish Italian Macedonian Montenegrin Norwegian Polish Romanian Romany Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Swiss Ukrainian
Middle Eastern	Arabic Egyptian Iranian Israeli Lebanese Palestinian Saudi Arabian Tunisian Turkish Yemeni
North American	United States: East Coast Baltimore New Jersey New York City Philadelphia Washington, D.C. Midwestern Chicago Detroit Minneapolis/St. Paul Wisconsin Omaha Southern Atlanta Memphis Miami West Coast Northwest Alaska Asian American Latin Native American Outside the US: Canadian Cuban Dominican Haitian Mexican Salvadoran
Oceanian	Australian New Zealand Samoan
South American	Brazilian Brasília Chilean Colombian

v t e Hip-hop in the United States
Regions	East Coast Hawaii Northwest Southern West Coast
Cities	Anchorage Atlanta Baltimore Chicago Denver Detroit Houston Long Beach Los Angeles Memphis Miami Minneapolis/St. Paul New Orleans New York Oakland Omaha Philadelphia Washington, D.C.

Memphis rap

Artists

Influence and modern sound

See also

References

External links