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Renal calyx
Kidney, with major and minor calyces labeled near bottom.
An image showing just the pelvis and calices of the kidneys, with the rest of the kidney removed, from a dissected cow and seal specimen. These vary greatly in size and number depending on species.^{[citation needed]}
Details
Precursor	Ureteric bud
System	Urinary system
Identifiers
Latin	calices renales
MeSH	D007670
FMA	284558
Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

The renal calyces (sg. calyx) are conduits in the kidney through which urine passes. The minor calyces form a cup-shaped drain around the apex of the renal pyramids. Urine formed in the kidney passes through a renal papilla at the apex into the minor calyx; four or five minor calyces converge to form a major calyx through which urine passes into the renal pelvis (which in turn drains urine out of the kidney through the ureter).^[1]

Function

Peristalsis of the smooth muscle originating in pace-maker cells originating in the walls of the calyces propels urine through the renal pelvis and ureters to the bladder. The initiation is caused by the increase in volume that stretches the walls of the calyces. This causes them to fire impulses which stimulate rhythmical contraction and relaxation, called peristalsis. Parasympathetic innervation enhances the peristalsis while sympathetic innervation inhibits it.

Clinical significance

A "staghorn calculus" is a kidney stone that may extend into the renal calyces.

A renal diverticulum is diverticulum of renal calyces.^[2]^[3]

References

^ Martini, Frederic; Tallitsch, Robert B.; Nath, Judi L. (2017). Human Anatomy (9th ed.). Pearson. p. 689. ISBN 9780134320762.
^ Krzeski, T; Witeska, A; Borówka, A; Pypno, W (September 1981). "Diverticula of renal calyces". International Urology and Nephrology. 13 (3): 231–235. doi:10.1007/BF02082420. PMID 6799417. S2CID 275191.
^ Chong, TW; Bui, MH; Fuchs, GJ (Nov 2000). "Calyceal diverticula. Ureteroscopic management". The Urologic Clinics of North America. 27 (4): 647–54. doi:10.1016/s0094-0143(05)70114-2. PMID 11098763.

External links

Anatomy photo:40:06-0108 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Posterior Abdominal Wall: Internal Structure of a Kidney"
Anatomy photo:40:06-0109 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Posterior Abdominal Wall: Internal Structure of a Kidney"
Histology image: 15901loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University - "Urinary System: neonatal kidney"
posteriorabdomen at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (renalpelvis)
Diagram at bway.net

Anatomy of the urinary system

Kidneys

Layers

Fascia
Capsule
Cortex
- column
Medulla
- pyramids
- medullary interstitium
Sinus
Lobe
Cortical lobule
Medullary ray
Nephron

Circulation

Arteries
Veins

Nephron

Renal corpuscle	Glomerulus Bowman's capsule Glomerular basement membrane Podocyte Filtration slits Mesangium Intraglomerular mesangial cell
Renal tubule	Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Descending Thin ascending Thick ascending Distal convoluted tubule Collecting duct system Connecting tubule Papillary duct Tubular fluid Renal papilla Minor calyx Major calyx Renal pelvis
Juxtaglomerular apparatus	Macula densa Juxtaglomerular cells Mesangium Extraglomerular mesangial cell