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Monocystinae
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
(unranked):	Sar
(unranked):	Alveolata
Phylum:	Apicomplexa
Class:	Conoidasida
Subclass:	Gregarinasina
Order:	Eugregarinorida
Suborder:	Aseptatorina
Family:	Monocystidae
Subfamily:	Monocystinae
Genera
Apolocystis Cephalocystis Mastocystis Monocystis Nematocystis Rhabdocystis Trigonepimerus

The Monocystinae are a subfamily of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.

Taxonomy

There are seven genera in this subfamily.

The type genus is Monocystis.

History

This subfamily was created by Bütschli in 1882^[1] and modified by Bhatia in 1930.^[2]

Description

The species in this subfamily are cylindroid in shape with a mucron at the anterior end.

The trophozoites are solitary.

Syzygy occurs late in the life cycle.

They parasitise the coelom of earthworms and are spread by the orofaecal route.

References

^ Bütschli O, Schwager C (1882) Protozoa. Abt. 1, Sarkodina und Sporozoa. Leipzig: F. C. Wintersche Verlagshandlung
^ Bhatia BL (1930) Synopsis of the genera and classification of haplocyte gregarines. Parasitol 22: 156-167

Eukaryota: SAR: Alveolata

(major groups

Acavomonadea	Acavomonadida (Acavomonas)

Ciliophora

Intramacronucleata	Armophorea (Metopus) Cariacotrichea (Cariacothrix caudata) Colpodea (Colpoda) Litostomatea (Balantidium, Dileptus) Muranotrichea (Muranothrix) Nassophorea (Nassula) Oligohymenophorea (Ichthyophthirius, Paramecium, Tetrahymena, Vorticella) Parablepharismea (Parablepharisma) Phyllopharyngea (Chilodonella, Tokophrya) Plagiopylea (Plagiopyla) Prostomatea (Coleps, Holophrya) Protocruziea (Protocruzia) Spirotrichea (Euplotes, Stylonychia)
Postciliodesmatophora	Heterotrichea (Stentor, Climacostomum, Blepharisma) Karyorelictea (Loxodes, Tracheloraphis)
Mesodiniea (Mesodinium, Myrionecta)

Colponemidia

Colponemadea	Colponemadida (Colponema)

Myzozoa

Apicomplexa

Aconoidasida

Haemospororida	Garniidae (Garnia) Haemoproteidae (Haemoproteus) Leucocytozoidae (Leucocytozoon) Plasmodiidae (Plasmodium)
Piroplasmida	Babesiidae (Babesia) Theileriidae (Theileria)
Cardiosporidium Nephromyces

Conoidasida

Coccidia

Agamococcidiorida

Gemmocystidae (Gemmocystis)
Rhytidocystidae (Rhytidocystis)

Eucoccidiorida

Adeleorina

Adeleidae
Dactylosomatidae (Babesiosoma, Dactylosoma)
Haemogregarinidae (Haemogregarina)
Hepatozoidae (Hepatozoon)
Karyolysidae (Karyolysus)
Klossiellidae (Klossiella)
Legerellidae (Legerella)

Eimeriorina

Aggregatidae (Aggregata, Grasseella, Merocystis, Ovivora, Pseudoklossia, Selysina) Atoxoplasmatidae Barrouxiidae Calyptosporiidae Caryotrophidae Cryptosporidiidae (Cryptosporidium) Eimeriidae (Cyclospora, Eimeria, Isospora) Elleipsisomatidae Lankesterellidae Selenococcidiidae
Sarcocystidae	Sarcocystinae (Frenkelia, Sarcocystis) Toxoplasmatinae (Besnoitia, Hammondia, Hyaloklossia, Nephroisospora, Neospora, Toxoplasma)

Ixorheorida

Ixorheidae (Ixorheis)

Protococcidiorida

Angeiocystidae (Angeiocystis)
Eleutheroschizonidae (Coelotropha, Defretinella, Eleutheroschizon)
Grelliidae (Coelotropha, Grellia)
Mackinnoniidae (Mackinnonia)
Myriosporidae (Myriosporides, Myriospora)

Gregarinasina

Archigregarinorida

Exoschizonidae (Exoschizon)
Selenidioididae (Merogregarina, Meroselenidium, Selenidioides, Veloxidium)

Eugregarinorida

Aseptatorina	Aikinetocystidae Allantocystidae Diplocystidae Enterocystidae Ganymedidae Lecudinidae Monocystidae (Monocystinae, Oligochaetocystinae, Rhynchocystinae, Stomatophorinae, Zygocystinae) Schaudinnellidae Selenidiidae Thiriotiidae Urosporidae
Blastogregarinorina	Siedleckiidae (Siedleckia)
Septatorina	Fusionicae (Fusionidae) Gregarinicae (Cephaloidophoridae, Cephalolobidae, Didymophoridae, Gregarinidae, Hirmocystidae, Metameridae, Uradiophoridae) Porosporicae (Porosporidae) Stenophoricae (Acutidae, Amphiplatysporidae, Brustiophoridae, Cnemidosporidae, Dactylophoridae, Leidyanidae, Monoductidae, Monoicidae, Sphaerocystidae, Stenophoridae, Trichorhynchidae) Stylocephaloidea (Actinocephalidae, Stylocephalidae) Blabericolidae

Neogregarinorida

Schizogregarinina (Caulleryellidae, Ophryocystidae)
Gigaductidae (Gigaductus)
Lipotrophidae (Apicystis, Farinocystis, Lipotropha, Lipocystis, Mattesia, Menzbieria)
Schizocystidae (Lymphotropha, Machadoella, Schizocystis)
Syncystidae (Syncystis)

Apicomonadea

Chromerida	Chromeraceae (Chromera velia) Vitrellaceae (Vitrella brassicaformis)
Colpodellida	Colpodellidae (Colpodella)
Voromonadida	Alphamonadidae (Alphamonas) Voromonadidae (Voromonas)

Dinoflagellata

Dinokaryota	With a theca: Dinophysiales (Dinophysis, Histioneis, Ornithocercus, Oxyphysis) Gonyaulacales (Ceratium, Gonyaulax) Peridiniales (Pfiesteria, Peridinium) Prorocentrales (Prorocentrum) Without theca: Gymnodiniales (Amphidinium, Gymnodinium, Karenia, Karlodinium) Suessiales (Polarella, Symbiodinium)
Noctilucea	Noctilucales (Noctiluca)
Syndinea	Syndiniales: Amoebophryaceae (Amoebophyra) Duboscquellaceae (Duboscquella) Syndiniaceae (Hematodinium, Syndinium)
Other	Acrocoelidae (Acrocoelus) Ichthyodinium Oxyrrhinaceae (Oxyrrhis) Pronoctilucidae (Pronoctiluca) Psammosidae (Psammosa)

Perkinsozoa

Perkinsea	Perkinsidae (Perkinsus) Phagodinida (Phagodinium) Rastromonadida (Parvilucifera, Rastrimonas)

Protalveolata

Ellobiopsea

Ellobiopsidae (Elliobiocystis, Ellobiopsis, Parallobiopsis, Thalassomyces, Rhizellobiopsis)

Myzomonadea

Algovorida	Algovoridae (Algovora)
Chilovorida	Chilovoridae (Chilovora)

Squirmidea

Squirmidae (Filipodium, Platyproteum)

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