Muddus plains

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The Muddus plains is a landscape type in northern Sweden characterized by its flat topography dotted with inselbergs. The topographic character of the Muddus plains was first described in detail by Walter Wråk in 1908.^[1]^[2] The Muddus plains are part of the Norrland terrain. The northern lower levels of Southern Norway's Paleic surface are considered to be equivalent to the Muddus plains.^[3]

The plains formed in connection to the uplift of the northern Scandinavian Mountains in the Paleogene. The uplift caused the surface to tilt eastward and incised valleys opened up to the east. This region in to east of the Scandinavian Mountains proper was a tectonically stable region close to a base level where topography evolved to form the Muddus plains.^[3] The key processes involved in the formation of the Muddus plain include etching, stripping and pediplanation. The climate under which these processes occurred was likely warm relative to the present. To the south the Muddus plains is considered to be equivalent to the lower levels of the paleic surface in south Norway, meaning that topography is likely to have developed at the same time and level, and by the same processes.^[3]

Rivers in the Muddus plains flow mostly towards the east. This contrast with the southeastern direction there rivers turn further downstream outside the Muddus plains and has been explained by the inference that the river courses in the Muddus plains reflect an ancient drainage pattern contrary to the Late Cenozoic river courses close to the Gulf of Bothnia.^[4]

References

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^ Ebert, Karin (2009). "Terminology of long-term geomorphology: a Scandinavian perspective". Progress in Physical Geography. 33 (2): 163–182.
^ Wråk, W. (1908). "Bidrag till Skandinaviens reliefkronologi". Ymer (in Swedish) 28, 141–91, 254–300.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lidmar-Bergström, K.; Näslund, J.O. (2002). "Landforms and uplift in Scandinavia". In Doré, A.G.; Cartwright, J.A.; Stoker, M.S.; Turner, J.P.; White, N. (eds.). Exhumation of the North Atlantic Margin: Timing, Mechanisms and Implications for Petroleum Exploration. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. The Geological Society of London. pp. 103–116.
^ Lidmar-Bergström, Karna; Olvmo, Mats (2015). Plains, steps, hilly relief and valleys in northern Sweden – review, interpretations and implications for conclusions on Phanerozoic tectonics (PDF) (Report). Geological Survey of Sweden. p. 12. Retrieved June 29, 2016.

Geology of Fennoscandia

Paleosurfaces

Sedimentary cover

Moraines	Billingen terminal moraine Pulju moraine Rogen moraine Salpausselkä Sevetti moraine Skövde terminal moraine Trollgarden Veiki moraine
Sedimentary rock	Alum Shale Formation Hedmark Group Jotnian sedimentary rock Reusch's Moraine Visingsö Group

Structures

Faults and shear zones	Burträsk Fault Iapetus Suture Lainio Fault Nordfjord-Sogn Detachment Pärvie Fault Protogine Zone Röjnoret Fault Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone South Finland Shear Zone
Large impact craters	Dellen Gardnos crater Granby crater Hummeln structure Lappajärvi Lockne crater Lumparn Mien Ritland crater Siljan Ring Sääksjärvi Söderfjärden Suvasvesi Tvären
Morphostrucures	Central Swedish lowland Gulf of Bothnia rift Lake Inari graben Lake Ladoga graben Lofoten horst Muhos Graben Norrland terrain Omberg horst Oslo Graben Scandinavian Mountains Scanian horsts South Swedish Dome Vättern graben White Sea Rift System

Lesser igneous provinces

Provinces and orogens

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