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NGC 1999 - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

NGC 1999
Reflection nebula
Hubble/WFPC2 captures the void in 2000
Observation data: J2000 epoch
Right ascension	05^h 36^m 27.00^s
Declination	−06° 43′ 18.0″
Distance	1,500 ly
Apparent dimensions (V)	1.5 arcmins
Constellation	Orion
Physical characteristics
Radius	~0.3 ly
See also: Lists of nebulae

NGC 1999, also known as The Cosmic Keyhole,^[1]^[2] is a dust-filled bright nebula with a vast hole of empty space represented by a black patch of sky, as can be seen in the photograph. It is a reflection nebula, and shines from the light of the variable star V380 Orionis.

It was previously believed that the black patch was a dense cloud of dust and gas which blocked light that would normally pass through, called a dark nebula. Analysis of this patch by the infrared telescope Herschel (October 9, 2009), which has the capability of penetrating such dense cloud material, resulted in continued black space. This led to the belief that either the cloud material was immensely dense or that an unexplained phenomenon had been detected.

With support from ground-based observations done using the submillimeter bolometer cameras on the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment radio telescope (November 29, 2009) and the Mayall (Kitt Peak) and Magellan telescopes (December 4, 2009), it was determined that the patch looks black not because it is an extremely dense pocket of gas, but because it is truly empty. The exact cause of this phenomenon is still being investigated, although it has been hypothesized that narrow jets of gas from some of the young stars in the region punctured the sheet of dust and gas, as well as, powerful radiation from a nearby mature star may have helped to create the hole. Researchers believe this discovery should lead to a better understanding of the entire star forming process.^[3]^[4]

It is located 1,500 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Orion.^[5] HH 1/2, the first recognized Herbig-Haro Object, is located near NGC 1999.^[6]

References

^ "Hubble Peers at Mysterious Cosmic 'Keyhole' - NASA Science". science.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
^ information@eso.org. "Cosmic Keyhole". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
^ "Telescope discovers surprising hole in space". NBC News by Space.com. 2010-05-11. Retrieved 2018-03-07.
^ Stanke, T; Stutz, A. M; Tobin, J. J; Ali, B; Megeath, S. T; Krause, O; Linz, H; Allen, L; Bergin, E; Calvet, N; Di Francesco, J; Fischer, W. J; Furlan, E; Hartmann, L; Henning, T; Manoj, P; Maret, S; Muzerolle, J; Myers, P. C; Neufeld, D; Osorio, M; Pontoppidan, K; Poteet, C. A; Watson, D. M; Wilson, T (2010). "Hier ist wahrhaftig ein Loch im Himmel". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 518: L94. arXiv:1005.2202. Bibcode:2010A&A...518L..94S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014612. S2CID 118725991.
^ "Fast Facts: Hubble Takes a Close-up View of a Reflection Nebula in Orion". Retrieved 2008-03-15.
^ Bally, John; Heathcote, Steve; Reipurth, Bo; Morse, Jon; Hartigan, Patrick; Schwartz, Richard (May 2002). "Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Proper Motions in Herbig-Haro Objects 1 and 2". The Astronomical Journal. 123 (5): 2627–2657. Bibcode:2002AJ....123.2627B. doi:10.1086/339837. ISSN 0004-6256.

External links

Media related to NGC 1999 at Wikimedia Commons
Andrew Fazekas (May 12, 2010). "Hole in Space Found by Orbiting Telescope". National Geographic. Archived from the original on May 13, 2010. Retrieved 2018-03-07.

New General Catalogue 1500 to 1999

Constellation of Orion

Stars

Bayer	α (Betelgeuse) β (Rigel) γ (Bellatrix) δ (Mintaka) ε (Alnilam) ζ (Alnitak) η (Algjebba) θ¹ A B C D E F G H θ² ι (Hatysa) κ (Saiph) λ (Meissa) μ ν ξ ο¹ ο² π¹ π² π³ (Tabit) π⁴ π⁵ π⁶ ρ σ τ υ (Thabit) φ¹ φ² χ¹ χ² ψ¹ ψ² ω
Flamsteed	5 6 (g) 11 13 14 (i) 15 16 (h) 18 21 22 (o) 23 (m) 27 (p) 29 (e) 31 32 (A) 33 35 38 42 (c) 45 49 (d) 51 (b) 52 55 56 57 59 60 63 64 66 68 69 (f¹) 71 72 (f²) 73 74 (k) 75 (l)
Variable	S U W UX VV BF BM DN FU GW V380 V883 V1005 V1149 V1201 V1352 V2247 V2254 V2384
HR	1759 1763 1874 1887 1952 1988 2007 2024 2251 2275
HD	33636 34445 37320 37605 42618 290327
Other	4U 0614+091 CVSO 30 CWISE J0506+0738 Gliese 179 Gliese 205 Gliese 208 Gliese 221 GJ 3379 HOPS 383 LP 658-2 PDS 110 S Ori 52 S Ori 70 WISE J0457−0207 WISE J0521+1025

Exoplanets	HD 34445 b HD 37605 b HD 38529 b HD 290327 b

Star
clusters

NGC	1662 1980 1981 2169 2175 2194 2202
Other	Lambda Orionis Cluster Trapezium Cluster (θ¹)

Nebulae

NGC	1788 1999 2022 2023 2064 2067 2071 2174
Other	Abell 12 Abell 13 Barnard 30 Becklin–Neugebauer Object Flame Nebula HH 1/2 HH 24-26 HH 34 HH 111 Horsehead Nebula IC 434 IC 2118 LDN 1641 McNeil's Nebula Messier 43 Messier 78 Orion Nebula

Galaxies

NGC	1683 1819 1924 2110 2119
Other	4C +09.17 CGCG 396-2 II Zwicky 28 PKS 0458-020 TXS 0506+056

Astronomical events	GRB 991216