Nanohaloarchaea is a clade of diminutive archaea with small genomes and limited metabolic capabilities, belonging to the DPANN archaea. They are ubiquitous in hypersaline habitats, which they share with the extremely halophilic haloarchaea.

Nanohaloarchaea were first identified from metagenomic data as a class of uncultivated halophilic archaea composed of 6 clades^[1][2] and were subsequently placed in the phylum Nanohaloarchaeota within the Diapherotrites, Parvarchaeota, Aenigmarchaeota, Nanoarchaeota, Nanohaloarchaeota (DPANN) superphylum.^[3] However the phylogenetic position of nanohaloarchaea is still highly debated, being alternatively proposed as the sister-lineage of haloarchaea or a member of the DPANN super-phylum.^[4][5][6]

The lineage has since been identified in data from a range of hypersaline environments including: Australian thalassohaline lake,^[7] Spanish saltern,^[8] Russian soda brine,^[9] Californian saltern,^[10] Chilean halite,^[11] and Ethiopian Dallol hydrothermal system.^[12]

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)^[13] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).^[14]

Phylum "Nanohalarchaeota" corrig. Rinke et al. 2013

• Class "Nanohalarchaeia" corrig. Narasingarao et al. 2012
  • Order "Nanohalarchaeales"
    • Family "Nanohalarchaeaceae"
      • Genus ?"Candidatus Nanohalarchaeum" corrig. Hamm et al. 2019
        • "Ca. N. antarcticum" corrig. Hamm et al. 2019
      • Genus ?"Candidatus Nanohalococcus" Reva et al. 2023
        • "Ca. N. occultus" Reva et al. 2023
      • Genus ?"Candidatus Nanohalovita" Reva et al. 2023
        • "Ca. N. haloferacivicina" Reva et al. 2023
      • Genus ?"Candidatus Nanopetraeus" corrig. Crits‐Christoph et al. 2016 ["Nanopetramus" (sic)]
  • Order "Nanohydrothermales" Xie et al. 2022
    • Family "Nanohydrothermaceae" Xie et al. 2022
      • Genus ?"Candidatus Nanohydrothermus" Xie et al. 2022
        • "Ca. N. guaymasensis" Xie et al. 2022
  • Order "Nucleotidisoterales" Xie et al. 2022
    • Family "Nanosalenecaceae" Xie et al. 2022
      • Genus ?"Candidatus Nanosalenecus" Xie et al. 2022
        • "Ca. N. halilacustris" Xie et al. 2022
    • Family "Nucleotidisoteraceae" Xie et al. 2022
      • Genus ?"Candidatus Nucleotidisoter" Xie et al. 2022
        • "Ca. N. xinjiangensis" Xie et al. 2022
    • Family "Nucleotidivindicaceae" Xie et al. 2022
      • Genus ?"Candidatus Nucleotidivindex" Xie et al. 2022
        • "Ca. N. qijiaojingensis" Xie et al. 2022
• Class "Nanohalobiia" corrig. La Cono et al. 2020 ["Nanosalinia" Rinke et al. 2021]
  • Order "Nanohalobiales" La Cono et al. 2020^[18] ["Nanosalinales" Rinke et al. 2020]
    • Family "Nanoanaerosalinaceae" Zhao et al. 2022
      • Genus "Candidatus Nanoanaerosalina" Zhao et al. 2022
        • "Ca. N. halalkaliphila" Zhao et al. 2022
    • Family "Nanohalalkaliarchaeaceae" Zhao et al. 2022
      • Genus "Candidatus Nanohalalkaliarchaeum" Zhao et al. 2022
        • "Ca. N. halalkaliphilum" Zhao et al. 2022
    • Family "Nanohalobiaceae" La Cono et al. 2020 ["Nanosalinaceae" Rinke et al. 2020]
      • Genus ?"Candidatus Haloredivivus" Ghai et al. 2011
      • Genus "Candidatus Nanohalobium" La Cono et al. 2020
        • "Ca. N. constans" La Cono et al. 2020
      • Genus "Candidatus Nanosalina" Narasingarao et al. 2012
      • Genus "Candidatus Nanosalinicola" corrig. Narasingarao et al. 2012 ["Nanosalinarum" (sic)]

• Ghai; et al. (2011). "New Abundant Microbial Groups in Aquatic Hypersaline Environments". Scientific Reports. 1 (135): 135. Bibcode:2011NatSR...1E.135G. doi:10.1038/srep00135. PMC 3216616. PMID 22355652.
• Narasingarao; et al. (2012). "De novo metagenomic assembly reveals abundant novel major lineage of Archaea in hypersaline microbial communities". ISME J. 6 (1): 81–93. Bibcode:2012ISMEJ...6...81N. doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.78. PMC 3246234. PMID 21716304.

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