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No. 2 grenade - Wikipedia

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No. 2 Grenade
Type	Hand grenade
Place of origin	United Kingdom
Service history
Used by	United Kingdom, Mexico, France
Wars	Mexican Revolution, World War I
Production history
Designer	Marten Hales
Designed	1907^[1]
Manufacturer	Cotton Powder Company^[1]
Produced	1907–1910s?
Variants	Mk II (shorter handle and multiple cloth streamers),
Specifications
Mass	1 lb (0.45kg)^[2]

Filling	Tonite^[2]
Detonation mechanism	Percussion fuse (i.e. impact detonated)

The No. 2 grenade (also known as Hales pattern and Mexican pattern) is a percussion cap fragmentation and rifle grenade used by the United Kingdom during World War I.

Operation

To use the grenade, the detonator is inserted, the safety pin is pulled out, and the grenade is then thrown. Streamers on the grenade are designed to stabilize the grenade's flight so that it always lands head-first.

History

Adoption

The No. 2 was created by Frederick Marten Hale in 1907.^[3] It was first used in the Mexican Revolution and was produced by the Cotton Power Company under contract from the Mexican government. France also purchased some as rifle grenades. The United States tested the No. 2 as a potential grenade, but it was not adopted.^[4] When World War I broke out, it soon became obvious that the standard British grenade, the No. 1 grenade, could not be produced fast enough to meet with demand. To help meet supply, the British government purchased all of the No. 2 grenades made by the Cotton Powder Company.^[1]

Supply

Like the No. 1, the No. 2 required a special detonator that was similar to the one used in the No. 1.^[1] This made it even more difficult to get adequate supplies of the No. 2 to the troops and further tied up supplies. Arguably, the No. 2 made the grenade problem worse for the British, as there had to be separate detonators for the No. 1 and No. 2 that could only be made by a small group of firms.

Later on, the No. 2's explosive was changed to Tonite so that it could accept more common detonators.^[1] It is unknown if this actually increased supply.

The grenade was officially declared obsolete in 1920, but it is likely that the No. 2 stopped being used by British forces in 1916.^[3]

Variants

Mk I and II

There were two variants of the No. 2 created, the Mk I and Mk II. The Mk I has a 16 in (41 cm) long handle and one cloth streamer, while the Mk II has a seven-inch long handle and multiple cloth streamers.

Rifle grenade

The rifle grenade variant of the No. 2 comes in two forms, 7mm and 8mm. The 7mm model was produced for Mexico and was designed to fit into the M95 Mauser rifle used by the Mexican Army, while the 8mm model was designed to be used in the Lebel rifle. The only difference between the models is that the 7mm has a clip attached to it to make it properly fit the M95, while the 8mm model does not.^[5]

The 7mm variant was used by the British as a temporary rifle grenade until others, such as the Hales rifle grenade, were developed.^[5]

Aerial bomb

A modified version of the No. 2 was used as a weapon by the Royal Flying Corps. Instead of a handle, the aerial bomb variant has only a cloth streamer.^[3]^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Saunders, Weapons of the Trench War, p.7
^ ^a ^b Ainsile, "Hand Grenades" p.4.
^ ^a ^b ^c Copyright 2001-2005 Inert-Ord.Net. "British Hand Grenade No.2, WWI - Inert-Ord.Net". inert-ord.net. Retrieved 2014-10-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ United States. Government Printing Office (1910). Congressional Serial Set. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 601. ISSN 1931-2822. Retrieved 2014-10-11.
^ ^a ^b Saunders, Weapons of the Trench War, p.97
^ "Papers Past — Otautau Standard and Wallace County Chronicle — 13 Kohitātea 1914 — BOMBS FOR AIRSHIPS". Archived from the original on 2012-03-18. Retrieved 2014-10-11.

External links

v t e British grenades of World War I & World War II
Anti-personnel	Grenade, No. 1 No. 2 grenade "Hales Pattern" Nos. 3, 20, 24, 35 "Hales rifle grenade" Nos. 5, 23, 36 "Mills" No. 6 grenade No. 15 ball grenade No. 69 Nos. 8, 9 double cylinder "jam tin" Garland grenade
Anti-tank	No. 68 AT (rifle) No. 73 "Thermos" No. 74 "sticky bomb" No. 75 AT "Hawkins"
Special types	No. 82 "Gammon" No. 76 (WP) No. 77 (WP) Lewes bomb Bomb, ground, 6 lb No. 42, No. 43 (Night), No 48, No 52 Signal Grenades

v t e British Empire small arms of the First World War
Rifles	Lee–Metford Magazine Lee-Enfield (MLE) rifle Short Magazine Lee–Enfield (SMLE) rifle Pattern 1914 Enfield rifle Ross Rifle
Sidearms	Webley .455" Revolver Mk. IV–VI Webley .455" Pistol Mk. I Colt New Service Smith & Wesson Triple Lock
Edged weapons	Pattern 1897 infantry officer's sword Pattern 1907 bayonet Pattern 1908 cavalry sword Pattern 1913 bayonet
Machine guns	Maxim gun Vickers machine gun Hotchkiss Mark I Lewis gun
Hand grenades	No. 1 No. 2 Hales Pattern Nos. 3, 20, 24, 35 Hales rifle grenades Nos. 5, 23, 36 Mills No. 6 Nos. 8, 9 Jam Tin No. 13 Battye No. 14 Pitcher No. 15 Ball No. 16 Oval No. 17 Opera hat No. 18 No. 19 No. 21 "Spherical" No. 22 Newton-Pippin No. 25 Sangster No. 27 No. 28 Chemical No. 29 Gas No. 31 Day Signal No. 32 Night Signal No. 32 "Spherical E" No. 34 Egg No. 37 No. 39 Steuart Pattern
Mortars	Vickers 1.57-inch mortar 2-inch medium mortar Garland trench mortar 3-inch Stokes mortar
Grenade launchers	Leach trench catapult West Spring Gun Sauterelle
Cartridges	.303 British .455 Webley

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