Northern common cuscus

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Northern common cuscus - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Northern common cuscus^[1]

Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)^[2]
CITES Appendix II (CITES)^[3]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Infraclass:	Marsupialia
Order:	Diprotodontia
Family:	Phalangeridae
Genus:	Phalanger
Species:	P. orientalis
Binomial name
*Phalanger orientalis* (Pallas, 1766)

Northern common cuscus range (blue — native, red — introduced, dark gray — origin uncertain)

The northern common cuscus (Phalanger orientalis), also known as the gray cuscus, is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae native to northern New Guinea and adjacent smaller islands, but is now also found in the Bismarck Archipelago, southeast and central Moluccas, the Solomons, and Timor, where it is believed to have been introduced in prehistoric times from New Guinea.^[2]^[4] It was formerly considered conspecific with the allopatric P. intercastellanus and P. mimicus.

It is hunted for human consumption in New Guinea.^[5]

Names

It is known as laku ita in the Naueti language^[6] or meda in the Tetum Terik Tetum language of Timor-Leste.

Habitat

The northern common cuscus normally inhabits disturbed habitats. These would include secondary forest, plantations, and gardens. This species is also found in primary tropical forests.^[2] While living in the arboreal environments, hunters in the area believe that the tree hollows are the preferred den site of the cuscus.^[7] Local villagers reported that the northern common cuscus can be found in any substantially forested areas from coastal monsoon rainforest and gallery forest to the remnant montane rainforest.^[7]

Distribution

The northern common cuscus inhabits the islands of Timor, specifically Indonesia and Timor-Leste, Wetar and Leti (both to Indonesia) through the Kai Islands and a number of the Moluccan Islands of Indonesia (including Ambon, Buru, and Seram); it is also found on the islands of Misool, Waigeo, Batanta, and Salawati (all Indonesia), and ranges over much of the northern part of the island of New Guinea (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea), including a number of offshore islands.^[2] It ranges as far east as the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, where it is present on many islands including the islands of New Britain and New Ireland. It also occurs on many of the Solomon Islands.^[2] It is believed that many of the insular island populations are the result of prehistorical introductions, possibly including Timor, Seram, Buru, Sanana, the Kai Islands, the Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomon Island chain.^[2] The northern common cuscus was introduced into New Ireland between 10,000 and 20,000 years ago, and into the Solomon Islands after 6,000 years ago; in Biak Island and Supiori Island, it is also an introduced species.^[4]

Niche

Generally, its niche is thought to be that of a nocturnal arboreal folivore with frugivorous tendencies.^[8]^[9]^[10]

References

Wikispecies has information related to Phalanger orientalis.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phalanger orientalis.

^ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 47. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Leary, T.; Singadan, R.; Menzies, J.; Helgen, K.; Wright, D.; Allison, A.; Hamilton, S.; Salas, L.; Dickman, C. (2016). "Phalanger orientalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T16847A21951519. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T16847A21951519.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
^ ^a ^b Schapper, Antoinette (2011). "Phalanger Facts: Notes on Blust's Marsupial Reconstructions". Oceanic Linguistics. 50 (1): 258–272. doi:10.1353/ol.2011.0004. S2CID 145482148.
^ Margaretha Pangau-Adam; Richard Noske; Michael Muehlenberg (2012). "Wildmeat or Bushmeat? Subsistence Hunting and Commercial Harvesting in Papua (West New Guinea), Indonesia". Hum Ecol. 40: 611–621. doi:10.1007/s10745-012-9492-5.
^ "'cuscus'/'kuskus'". LexiRumah. 3.0.0.
^ ^a ^b TE Heinsohn (January 2005). "Den sites and habitats utilised by the northern common cuscus Phalanger orientalis (Marsupialia: Phalangeridae) in East Timor". Australian Mammalogy. 27 (1): 99–101. doi:10.1071/AM05099.
^ FLANNERY TF (1994). Possums of the world: a monograph of the Phalangeroidea. Sydney: GeoProductions / Australian Museum.
^ FLANNERY TF (1995a). Mammals of New Guinea. Sydney: Australian Museum / Reed Books.
^ FLANNERY TF (1995b). Mammals of the south-west Pacific and Moluccan Islands. Sydney: Australian Museum / Reed Books.

Extant Diprotodontia species

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Infraclass Marsupialia

Suborder Vombatiformes

Phascolarctidae

Phascolarctos	Koala (P. cinereus)

Vombatidae
(wombats)

Vombatus	Common wombat (V. ursinus)
Lasiorhinus	Southern hairy-nosed wombat (L. latifrons) Northern hairy-nosed wombat (L. krefftii)

Suborder Phalangeriformes (possums)

Phalangeridae
(including cuscuses)

Ailurops (bear cuscuses)	Talaud bear cuscus (A. melanotis) Sulawesi bear cuscus (A. ursinus)
Phalanger	Gebe cuscus (P. alexandrae) Mountain cuscus (P. carmelitae) Ground cuscus (P. gymnotis) Eastern common cuscus (P. intercastellanus) Woodlark cuscus (P. lullulae) Blue-eyed cuscus (P. matabiru) Telefomin cuscus (P. matanim) Southern common cuscus (P. mimicus) Northern common cuscus (P. orientalis) Ornate cuscus (P. ornatus) Rothschild's cuscus (P. rothschildi) Silky cuscus (P. sericeus) Stein's cuscus (P. vestitus)
Spilocuscus	Admiralty Island cuscus (S. kraemeri) Common spotted cuscus (S. maculatus) Waigeou cuscus (S. papuensis) Black-spotted cuscus (S. rufoniger) Blue-eyed spotted cuscus (S. wilsoni)
Strigocuscus	Sulawesi dwarf cuscus (S. celebensis) Banggai cuscus (S. pelegensis)
Trichosurus (brushtail possums)	Northern brushtail possum (T. arnhemensis) Short-eared possum (T. caninus) Mountain brushtail possum (T. cunninghami) Coppery brushtail possum (T. johnstonii) Common brushtail possum (T. vulpecula)
Wyulda	Scaly-tailed possum (W. squamicaudata)

Burramyidae
(pygmy possums)

Burramys	Mountain pygmy possum (B. parvus)
Cercartetus	Long-tailed pygmy possum (C. caudatus) Western pygmy possum (C. concinnus) Tasmanian pygmy possum (C. lepidus) Eastern pygmy possum (C. nanus)

Tarsipedidae

Tarsipes	Honey possum (T. rostratus)

Petauridae

Dactylopsila	Great-tailed triok (D. megalura) Long-fingered triok (D. palpator) Tate's triok (D. tatei) Striped possum (D. trivirgata)
Gymnobelideus	Leadbeater's possum (G. leadbeateri)
Petaurus	Northern glider (P. abidi) Yellow-bellied glider (P. australis) Biak glider (P. biacensis) Sugar glider (P. breviceps) Mahogany glider (P. gracilis) Squirrel glider (P. norfolcensis)

Pseudocheiridae

Hemibelideus	Lemur-like ringtail possum (H. lemuroides)
Petauroides (greater gliders)	Central greater glider (P. armillatus) Northern greater glider (P. minor) Southern greater glider (P. volans)
Petropseudes	Rock-haunting ringtail possum (P. dahli)
Pseudocheirus	Common ringtail possum (P. peregrinus)
Pseudochirulus	Lowland ringtail possum (P. canescens) Weyland ringtail possum (P. caroli) Cinereus ringtail possum (P. cinereus) Painted ringtail possum (P. forbesi) Herbert River ringtail possum (P. herbertensis) Masked ringtail possum (P. larvatus) Pygmy ringtail possum (P. mayeri) Vogelkop ringtail possum (P. schlegeli)
Pseudochirops	D'Albertis's ringtail possum (P. albertisii) Green ringtail possum (P. archeri) Plush-coated ringtail possum (P. corinnae) Reclusive ringtail possum (P. coronatus) Coppery ringtail possum (P. cupreus)

Acrobatidae

Acrobates	Feathertail glider (A. pygmaeus)
Distoechurus	Feather-tailed possum (D. pennatus)

Suborder Macropodiformes

Macropodidae
(includes wallabies)

Lagostrophus	Banded hare-wallaby (L. fasciatus)
Dendrolagus (tree-kangaroos)	Bennett's tree-kangaroo (D. bennettianus) Doria's tree-kangaroo (D. dorianus) Goodfellow's tree-kangaroo (D. goodfellowi) Grizzled tree-kangaroo (D. inustus) Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo (D. lumholtzi) Matschie's tree-kangaroo (D. matschiei) Dingiso (D. mbaiso) Ifola (D. notatus) Golden-mantled tree-kangaroo (D. pulcherrimus) Lowlands tree-kangaroo (D. spadix) Tenkile (D. scottae) Seri's tree-kangaroo (D. stellarum) Ursine tree-kangaroo (D. ursinus)
Dorcopsis	Black dorcopsis (D. atrata) White-striped dorcopsis (D. hageni) Gray dorcopsis (D. luctuosa) Brown dorcopsis (D. muelleri)
Dorcopsulus	Macleay's dorcopsis (D. macleayi) Small dorcopsis (D. vanheurni)
Lagorchestes (hare-wallabies)	Spectacled hare-wallaby (L. conspicillatus) Rufous hare-wallaby (L. hirsutus)
Macropus	Western grey kangaroo (M. fuliginosus) Eastern grey kangaroo (M. giganteus)
Notamacropus	Agile wallaby (N. agilis) Black-striped wallaby (N. dorsalis) Tammar wallaby (N. eugenii) Western brush wallaby (N. irma) Parma wallaby (N. parma) Whiptail wallaby (N. parryi) Red-necked wallaby (N. rufogriseus)
Onychogalea (nail-tail wallabies)	Bridled nail-tail wallaby (O. fraenata) Northern nail-tail wallaby (O. unguifera)
Osphranter	Antilopine kangaroo (O. antilopinus) Black wallaroo (O. bernardus) Common wallaroo (O. robustus) Red kangaroo (O. rufus)
Petrogale (rock-wallabies)	P. brachyotis species group: Short-eared rock-wallaby (P. brachyotis) Monjon (P. burbidgei) Nabarlek (P. concinna) Eastern short-eared rock-wallaby (P. wilkinsi) P. xanthopus species group: Proserpine rock-wallaby (P. persephone) Rothschild's rock-wallaby (P. rothschildi) Yellow-footed rock-wallaby (P. xanthopus) P. lateralis/penicillata species group: Allied rock-wallaby (P. assimilis) Cape York rock-wallaby (P. coenensis) Godman's rock-wallaby (P. godmani) Herbert's rock-wallaby (P. herberti) Unadorned rock-wallaby (P. inornata) Black-flanked rock-wallaby (P. lateralis) Mareeba rock-wallaby (P. mareeba) Brush-tailed rock-wallaby (P. penicillata) Purple-necked rock-wallaby (P. purpureicollis) Mount Claro rock-wallaby (P. sharmani)
Setonix	Quokka (S. brachyurus)
Thylogale (pademelons)	Tasmanian pademelon (T. billardierii) Brown's pademelon (T. browni) Dusky pademelon (T. brunii) Calaby's pademelon (T. calabyi) Mountain pademelon (T. lanatus) Red-legged pademelon (T. stigmatica) Red-necked pademelon (T. thetis)
Wallabia	Swamp wallaby (W. bicolor)

Potoroidae

Aepyprymnus	Rufous rat-kangaroo (A. rufescens)
Bettongia (bettongs)	Eastern bettong (B. gaimardi) Boodie (B. lesueur) Woylie (B. penicillata) Northern bettong (B. tropica)
Potorous (potoroos)	Long-footed potoroo (P. longipes) Long-nosed potoroo (P. tridactylus) Gilbert's potoroo (P. gilbertii)

Hypsiprymnodontidae

Hypsiprymnodon	Musky rat-kangaroo (H. moschatus)

Taxon identifiers
Phalanger orientalis	Wikidata: Q209996 Wikispecies: Phalanger orientalis ADW: Phalanger_orientalis CoL: 4FR5Y EoL: 323846 GBIF: 2440259 GISD: 1892 iNaturalist: 42825 IRMNG: 10208279 ITIS: 552685 IUCN: 16847 MDD: 1000387 MSW: 11000057 NCBI: 42473 Observation.org: 86601 Open Tree of Life: 524928 Paleobiology Database: 234497 Species+: 5013
Didelphis orientalis	Wikidata: Q109647232 GBIF: 9513363

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