Nycteroleteridae

Technopedia Center

Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education

Nycteroleteridae

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Nycteroleterid)

Nycteroleterids Temporal range: Middle Permian, 264–259.1 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓

Adult and juvenile skulls of Macroleter (=Tokosaurus)

Life restoration of Emeroleter
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Clade:	†Parareptilia
Order:	†Procolophonomorpha
Clade:	†Pareiasauromorpha
Family:	†Nycteroleteridae Romer, 1956
Genera^[1]
See text

Nycteroleteridae is a family of procolophonian parareptilians (extinct early reptiles) from the Middle to Late Permian of Russia and North America. They are sometimes classified as a sister group to pareiasaurids (but see Classification). The group includes the genera Macroleter, Bashkyroleter, "Bashkyroleter" mesensis, Nycteroleter, Emeroleter, and probably Rhipaeosaurus. They were carnivorous, and occasionally ate insects.^[1] The group was most common in European Russia, with only a few fossils in North America. One fossil has also been found in Africa, but this is the only one from Gondwana.^[2]

Classification

[edit]

Nycteroleteridae is sometimes considered a sister group to the Pareiasauridae, but Bayesian inference suggests that it was in fact paraphyletic, with Rhipaeosaurus a basal member of the Pareiasauridae and other members of the Nycteroleteridae as outgroups. This is supported by the appearance of Rhipaeosaurus' skull and teeth - it had tricuspid teeth and multiple horns on the skull, resembling a pareiasaur but smaller and with a longer tail. For this reason it is often seen as intermediate between more primitive nycteroleterids and more advanced pareiasaurids such as Scutosaurus.^[2]

Subdivisions

[edit]

Subfamily † Nycteroleterinae
- †Nycteroleter
- †Emeroleter
Unassigned subfamily
- †Bashkyroleter
  - † Bashykroleter mesensis
- †Macroleter
- †Rhipaeosaurus

Features

[edit]

As discussed above, Nycteroleteridae technically includes all pareiasaurs as well as the five given genera. Within the five genera mentioned, there seems to be a smooth gradient of form from Macroleter to Rhipaeosaurus. Where Macroleter has no horns, Emeroleter has a few small horns, and Rhipaeosaurus' horns are quite large.^[2]

However, there are some characteristic features of the Nycteroleteridae. They have a deeply incised otic notch, postparietal bones that enter the pineal opening, regular circular pits in the skull, and a row of palatal teeth from the interpterygoid vacuity to the edge of the choana.^[2]

Examination of the nycteroleterids' middle ear bones and comparison with living amniotes showed that they probably had efficient impedance-matching hearing. This suggests that they may have been active at night or in dim-light environments. They are thought to have been carnivorous or insectivorous, but Rhipaeosaurus may have been an omnivore.^[2]

References

[edit]

^ ^a ^b Tsuji, L.A.; Müller, J.; Reisz, R.R. (2012). "Anatomy of Emeroleter levis and the Phylogeny of the Nycteroleter Parareptiles" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (1): 45–67. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.626004. S2CID 55268829.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Palaeos Vertebrates Anapsida: Nycteroleteridae". palaeos.com. Retrieved 2018-02-16.

Procolophonia

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Superclass: Tetrapoda
Clade: Amniota
Class: Sauropsida

Sauropsida

see Sauropsida
Procolophonia	see below↓

Procolophonia

Nyctiphruretidae?	Abyssomedon Nyctiphruretus

Bradysaurus Bunostegos Deltavjatia Embrithosaurus Nochelesaurus Parasaurus Senectosaurus
Pumiliopareiasauria	Anthodon Nanoparia Provelosaurus Pumiliopareia
Therischia	Arganaceras Elginia Obirkovia Pareiasaurus Sanchuansaurus Scutosaurus Shihtienfenia

Procolophonoidea

Owenettidae

Procolophonidae

Coartaredens? Coletta Eomurruna Gomphiosauridion? Kinelia? Kitchingnathus Lasasaurus Oryporan Phaanthosaurus Pintosaurus Sauropareion Smilodonterpeton Sphenosaurus Spondylolestes? Suchonosaurus Theledectes Tichvinskia Tricuspisaurus? Xenodiphyodon? Youngetta
Leptopleuroninae	Basileosaurus? Cornualbus Hwiccewyrm Hypsognathus Koiloskiosaurus Leptopleuron Libognathus Mandaphon Neoprocolophon Pentaedrusaurus Phonodus Sclerosaurus Scoloparia Soturnia Threordatoth
Procolophoninae	Anomoiodon Burtensia Eumetabolodon Insulophon? Kapes Lestanshoria? Orenburgia Procolina Procolophon Samaria? Teratophon Thelephon Thelerpeton Timanophon

This article about a prehistoric reptile is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nycteroleteridae&oldid=1149398937"

Categories:

Hidden categories: