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Coordinates: 1°00′N 79°36′W / 1.0°N 79.6°W

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Onzole Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early Pliocene (Montehermosan-Chapadmalalan) ~5.3–3.6 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Daule Group
Sub-units	Súa & Esmeraldas Members
Overlies	Angostura Formation
Lithology
Primary	Shale
Other	Mudstone
Location
Coordinates	1°00′N 79°36′W / 1.0°N 79.6°W / 1.0; -79.6
Approximate paleocoordinates	0°48′N 78°48′W / 0.8°N 78.8°W / 0.8; -78.8
Region	Esmeraldas Province
Country	Ecuador
Extent	Borbón Basin
Type section
Named for	Onzole River
Onzole Formation (Ecuador)

The Onzole Formation is an Early Pliocene (Montehermosan to Chapadmalalan in the SALMA classification) geologic formation in the Borbón Basin of northwestern Ecuador. The formation consists of a shallow marine sandstone member containing many fish fossils, among which megalodon, and a deep water member comprising tuffaceous shales and mudstones containing gastropods, bivalves and scaphopods.^[1]^[2]

Subdivision

The formation consists of the Esmeraldas Member, which is a unit comprising highly foraminiferal tuffaceous calcareous shale. They were deposited by shallow water gravity flows, which brought the Esmeraldas fauna into the deep water (1,000 metres (3,300 ft)) from shallow water, on the order of 75 metres (246 ft).^[3]

The Esmeraldas Member is covered by the Súa Member comprising burrowed, bioturbated, silty sandstones deposited in a coastal environment.

Fossil content

The formation has provided bivalve, gastropod, and scaphopod fossils and the following vertebrates:^[4]^[5]^[6]

References

^ Onzole Formation at Fossilworks.org
^ Onozole (sic) Formation at Fossilworks.org
^ Esmeraldas Beds at Fossilworks.org
^ Súa Member, Onzole Formation at Fossilworks.org
^ Punta La Gorda at Fossilworks.org
^ Punta la Colorada at Fossilworks.org
^ Schwarzhans & Aguilera, 2013
^ Schwarzhans & Aguilera, 2016
^ Aguilera et al., 2016

Bibliography

Aguilera, Órangel A.; Schwarzhans, Werner; Béarez, Philippe (2016), "Otoliths of the Sciaenidae from the Neogene of tropical America", Palaeo Ichthyologica, 14: 7–90, retrieved 2019-02-09
Schwarzhans, Werner; Aguilera, Órangel (2016), "Otoliths of the Ophidiiformes from the Neogene of tropical America", Palaeo Ichthyologica, 14: 91–124, retrieved 2019-02-09
Schwarzhans, Werner; Aguilera, Órangel (2013), "Otoliths of the Myctophidae from the Neogene of tropical America", Palaeo Ichthyologica, 13: 83–150, retrieved 2019-02-09

Subdivision

Fossil content

See also

References

Bibliography

Further reading