Ensiklopedia Dunia

Technopedia Center

Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education

Stopped note - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Open note)

On string instruments, a stopped note is a note whose pitch has been altered from the pitch of the open string by the player's left hand pressing (stopping) the string against the fingerboard.

Bowed strings

On bowed string instruments, a stopped note is a played note that is fingered with the left hand, i.e. not an open string.^[1] This assists with tone production, the addition of vibrato, and sometimes additional volume but creates difficulty in that bowed string instruments do not have frets, requiring ear training and accurate finger placement.^[1] The lack of frets, as on the guitar fretboard, does allow greater variability in intonation though a bowed string instrumentalist, such as a violinist, "when unaccompanied, does not play consistently in either the tempered or the natural scale, but tends on the whole to conform with the Pythagorean scale"^[2]

The open notes of the highest three strings may be played as stopped notes on the lowest three strings, offering advantages and disadvantages:^[1]

Open	Stopped
Easy to play	More technically demanding
No vibrato available	Vibrato and multi-expression available
Essentially fixed pitch	Unlimited ability to adjust intonation
Notes are full and bright	Notes are slightly less resonant
Tone color may be brash, not blending well	Tone color is controllable, and may be more uniform
Pizzicato notes sustain longer	Notes are shorter when plucked
Easier to play two notes	Double-stops are harder, but blend better

Fingered tremolos, the rapid alternation of two notes, are best between two stopped notes on one string, in which case it is limited to the interval of an augmented fourth, or between stopped notes on two adjacent strings:^[3]

Plucked strings

C major chord for guitar (open [as opposed to barre]).

On plucked string instruments with frets, such as the guitar, the pitch of a stopped note is determined by the left hand pressing (stopping) the string at one of the frets.

Sources

^ ^a ^b ^c Andrea Pejrolo, Rich DeRosa (2007). Acoustic and MIDI Orchestration for the Contemporary Composer, p.99-100. ISBN 0-240-52021-1.
^ Seashore, Carl (1938). Psychology of Music, 224. quote in Kolinski, Mieczyslaw (Summer - Autumn, 1959). "A New Equidistant 12-Tone Temperament", p.210, Journal of the American Musicological Society, Vol. 12, No. 2/3, pp. 210-214.
^ Cecil Forsyth (1982). Orchestration, p.356. ISBN 0-486-24383-4.

v t e Musical techniques
General	Articulation Bowing Damping Double stop Extended technique Fingering Finger substitution Finger vibrato Glissando Harmonics Intonation Multiphonic Phrasing Pizzicato Position Slapping Stopped note Thumb position Tremolo Vibrato
Wind instruments	Saxophone technique Circular breathing Embouchure Flutter-tonguing Growling Harmonica technique Overblowing Slap tonguing Split tone Tonguing
Piano	Piano extended techniques Finger tapping Luthéal Three-hand technique Prepared piano String piano Tack piano
Bowed string instruments	Bowed string instrument extended technique Violin technique Cello technique Bariolage Pizzicato Bartók pizz. Col legno Free bowing Martelé Spiccato Two bows
Guitar	Downpicking Fingerstyle Flatpicking Picking Hybrid picking String bending Tambour Third bridge Prepared guitar
Harp	Prepared harp
Percussion	Snare drum technique Burton grip Cymbal choke Drum roll Stevens grip Rimshot
Human voice	Extended vocal technique Beatboxing Death growl Overtone singing Screaming Sprechgesang
Related articles	Étude
Category:Musical performance techniques

Category:

String performance techniques

Hidden categories: