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Optochin
Names

IUPAC name (4β,8α,9R)-6'-Ethoxy-10,11-dihydrocinchonan-9-ol
Other names Ethylhydrocupreine
Identifiers
CAS Number	522-60-1^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:86455^N
ChEMBL	ChEMBL534999^N
ChemSpider	79283^N
ECHA InfoCard	100.007.577
MeSH	Optochin
PubChem CID	71542
UNII	4W030VS2OG^Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID50893924
InChI InChI=1S/C21H28N2O2/c1-3-14-13-23-10-8-15(14)11-20(23)21(24)17-7-9-22-19-6-5-16(25-4-2)12-18(17)19/h5-7,9,12,14-15,20-21,24H,3-4,8,10-11,13H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,20-,21+/m0/s1^N Key: SUWZHLCNFQWNPE-LATRNWQMSA-N^N InChI=1/C21H28N2O2/c1-3-14-13-23-10-8-15(14)11-20(23)21(24)17-7-9-22-19-6-5-16(25-4-2)12-18(17)19/h5-7,9,12,14-15,20-21,24H,3-4,8,10-11,13H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,20-,21+/m0/s1 Key: SUWZHLCNFQWNPE-LATRNWQMBV
SMILES CC[C@H]1CN2CC[C@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H](c3ccnc4c3cc(cc4)OCC)O
Properties
Chemical formula	C₂₁H₂₈N₂O₂
Molar mass	340.46 g/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is ^YN ?) Infobox references

Optochin (or ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride) is a derivative of quinine introduced in 1911 by Morgenroth and Levy with the intention to treat pneumococci infection.^[1] In very high dilutions, it inhibits the growth of representatives of all four groups of pneumococci in vitro. That is the main reason it is now used in bacteriology for the differentiation of Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is optochin-sensitive, from the other, resistant alpha-hemolytic streptococci, sometimes called the viridans streptococci because of the green colouration on blood agar around colonies.

The growth of bacteria that are optochin-sensitive will show a zone of inhibition around an optochin disc, while the growth of bacteria that are resistant to optochin will not be affected. In vitro, a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1:10,000,000 will inhibit the growth of pneumococci, and 1:500,000 is bactericidal.^[2]

Resistance

For decades, Streptococcus pneumoniae has been considered susceptible to optochin; but some strains have been found to be resistant to optochin in laboratory testing. This is notable because the emergence of optochin-resistant strains would invalidate the distinguishing test described above.^[3]

References

^ Moore HF (1915). "The Action of Ethylhydrocuprein (Optochin) on Type Strains of Pneumococci in Vitro and in Vivo, and on Some Other Microorganisms in Vitro". J. Exp. Med. 22 (3): 269–85. doi:10.1084/jem.22.3.269. PMC 2125335. PMID 19867915.
^ "Ethylhydrocupreine".
^ Pikis A, Campos JM, Rodriguez WJ, Keith JM (2001), "Optochin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: mechanism, significance, and clinical implications", Journal of Infectious Diseases, 184 (5): 582–590, doi:10.1086/322803, JSTOR 30137322, PMID 11474432

Techniques in clinical microbiology

Isolation
and culture

Isolation techniques	Asepsis Streak plate Selective media
Cultures by body site	Blood culture Genital culture Sputum culture Throat culture Urine culture Wound culture
Cultures by organism	Bacterial culture Fungal culture Viral culture

Identification
and testing

Manual testing: basic techniques	Colonial morphology Hemolysis Staining Gram stain Acid-fast stain Giemsa stain India ink stain Ziehl–Neelsen stain Wet prep Rapid tests Oxidase Catalase Indole PYR
Manual testing: biochemical and immunologic tests	ALA test Amino acid decarboxylase test Bile solubility test CAMP test Citrate test Coagulase test DNAse test IMViC KOH test Methyl red test Nitrite test ONPG test Oxidative/fermentation glucose test Phenylalanine deaminase test Reverse CAMP test Salt tolerance test Sulfide indole motility test Triple sugar iron test Urease test rapid Voges–Proskauer test X and V factor test Bacitracin susceptibility test Optochin susceptibility test Novobiocin susceptibility test Lancefield grouping RPR test
Automated and point-of-care testing	Analytical profile index MALDI-TOF Polymerase chain reaction VITEK Rapid strep test Monospot test
Antibiotic susceptibility testing	Beta-lactamase test Disk diffusion test Etest McFarland standards Minimum inhibitory concentration

Equipment

Categories:

Hidden categories:

Resistance

See also

References