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Orosaurus - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Orosaurus Temporal range: Late Triassic, 221.5–201.6 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Clade:	†Sauropodomorpha
Genus:	†Orosaurus Huxley, 1867
Species:	†O. capensis
Binomial name
†Orosaurus capensis Huxley, 1867
Synonyms
Euskelosaurus capensis von Huene, 1940 Orinosaurus capensis Lydekker, 1889

Orosaurus ("mountain lizard") is a dubious genus of basal sauropodomorph from the Late Triassic of South Africa.

Classification

The holotype was discovered in 1863.^[1] It was first described by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1867 based on holotype NHMUK R1626, a proximal end of a left tibia (misidentified as a distal femur).^[2] However, Huxley declined to provide a species name. In his 1889 catalogue of fossil reptiles in the Natural History Museum in London, Richard Lydekker mistakenly considered Orosaurus preoccupied by the lizard genus Oreosaurus and coined Orinosaurus capensis for NHMUK R1626. Along with Euskelosaurus, Lydekker considered Orosaurus (Orinosaurus of his usage) to be an ornithischian dinosaur.^[3]

von Huene (1940) treated Orosaurus as a species of Euskelosaurus, as E. capensis.^[4] van Heerden (1979) considered Orosaurus a synonym of Euskelosaurus.^[5] However, Gauffre (1996) referred Orosaurus to his nomen ex dissertationae "Kholumolumosaurus" (now Kholumolumo) along with Meroktenos and Plateosauravus.^[6] Meanwhile, Orosaurus was listed as a nomen dubium in the 2nd edition of The Dinosauria.^[7]

References

^ T. H. Huxley. 1866. On some remains of large dinosaurian reptiles from the Stormberg Mountains, South Africa. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 23(1):1-6
^ Huxley, T. H., 1867, On some remains of large dinosaurian reptiles from the Stormberg Mountains, South Africa: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 23, p. 5
^ Lydekker, R., 1889. Note on new and other dinosaurian remains: Geological Magazine, decade 3, v. 6, p. 352-356.
^ Huene F von (1940) "Die Saurier der Karroo-, Gondwana-, und verwandten Ablagerungen in faunistischer, biologischer und phylogenetischer Hinsicht" [Saurians of the Karroo, Gondwana, and other deposits in faunistic, biological, and phylogenetic regard]. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Beilage-Band, Abteilung B 83:246-347.
^ Heerden J. v. (1979) The morphology and taxonomy of Euskelosaurus (Reptilia: Saurischia; Late Triassic) from South Africa". Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, 4(2): 21-84.
^ Gauffre F-X. 1996. Phylogénie des dinosaures prosauropodes et étude d'un prosauropode du trias supérieur d'Afrique Australe. PhD Thesis. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
^ Galton, P.M & Upchurch, P. (2004). "Prosauropoda". In D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, & H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley: 232–258.

Sauropodomorpha

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Sauropsida
Clade: Avemetatarsalia
Clade: Dinosauria

Avemetatarsalia

see Avemetatarsalia
Sauropodomorpha	see below↓

Sauropodomorpha

Buriolestes Eoraptor Gigantoscelus Guaibasaurus Mbiresaurus Pampadromaeus Panphagia
Saturnaliidae	Buriolestes? Eoraptor? Chromogisaurus Nhandumirim Pampadromaeus? Panphagia? Saturnalia

Bagualosauria

Arcusaurus Asylosaurus Bagualosaurus Efraasia Nambalia Pantydraco Thecodontosaurus
Unaysauridae	Jaklapallisaurus Macrocollum Unaysaurus

Plateosauria

Plateosauridae	Euskelosaurus Gresslyosaurus Issi Pachysauriscus Plateosaurus Yimenosaurus

Massopoda

Riojasauridae

Eucnemesaurus
Riojasaurus

Massospondylidae

Sauropodiformes

Anchisauria

Aardonyx Anchisaurus Camelotia Irisosaurus Lamplughsaura Leonerasaurus Melanorosaurus Meroktenos Mussaurus Pulanesaura Sefapanosaurus
Sauropoda	see below↓

Sauropoda

Amygdalodon Blikanasaurus Chinshakiangosaurus Gongxianosaurus Isanosaurus Leonerasaurus? Pulanesaura? Protognathosaurus Schleitheimia Tuebingosaurus?
Lessemsauridae	Antetonitrus Ingentia Ledumahadi Lessemsaurus

Gravisauria

Archaeodontosaurus? Kotasaurus Ohmdenosaurus Rhoetosaurus Sanpasaurus? Zizhongosaurus?
Vulcanodontidae	Tazoudasaurus Vulcanodon

Diplodocoidea	(see below ↓ )
Macronaria	(see below ↓ )

Dubious sauropods	Bothriospondylus Cardiodon Dinodocus Gigantosaurus Neosodon Qinlingosaurus Ultrasaurus

Diplodocoidea

Haplocanthosaurus

Diplodocimorpha

Rebbachisauridae

Khebbashia

Limaysaurinae	Cathartesaura Limaysaurus Rayososaurus?
Rebbachisaurinae	Demandasaurus Itapeuasaurus Katepensaurus Nigersaurus Rebbachisaurus Tataouinea

Flagellicaudata

Dicraeosauridae

Diplodocidae

Apatosaurinae	Amphicoelias? Apatosaurus Atlantosaurus? Brontosaurus
Diplodocinae	Ardetosaurus Barosaurus Dinheirosaurus Diplodocus Galeamopus Kaatedocus? Leinkupal Supersaurus Tornieria

Macronaria

Abrosaurus Aragosaurus Bashunosaurus? Daanosaurus Dashanpusaurus? Europasaurus Haestasaurus? Yuzhoulong
Camarasauridae	Camarasaurus Lourinhasaurus

- see below↓

Titanosauria

Lirainosaurinae

Eutitanosauria

Inawentu
Menucocelsior

Colossosauria

Rinconsauria

Adamantisaurus Maxakalisaurus? Muyelensaurus Overosaurus Panamericansaurus Rinconsaurus
Aeolosaurini	Aeolosaurus Arrudatitan Bravasaurus Caieiria Gondwanatitan Punatitan Shingopana

Igai Isisaurus? Qingxiusaurus Quaesitosaurus?
Opisthocoelicaudiinae	Abditosaurus? Alamosaurus Baurutitan? Dreadnoughtus? Opisthocoelicaudia Pellegrinisaurus? Qunkasaura Zhuchengtitan?
Saltasaurinae	Abditosaurus? Bonatitan? Ibirania Maxakalisaurus? Neuquensaurus Paralititan Rocasaurus Saltasaurus Yamanasaurus

Dubious titanosaurs	Bruhathkayosaurus? Campylodoniscus Clasmodosaurus Hypselosaurus Iuticosaurus Loricosaurus Macrurosaurus? Microcoelus Mongolosaurus? Titanosaurus

Topics in sauropodomorph research
Sauropod neck posture Sauropod hiatus List of sauropod species

Geology of South Africa

Geological formations

List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Africa

Palaeoarchaean	Bushveld Igneous Complex Fig Tree Formation Komatii Formation Moodies Group Onverwacht Group Transvaal Supergroup
Paleozoic	Carboniferous Dwyka Group Ganigobis Formation Devonian Bokkeveld Group Table Mountain Sandstone Permian Abrahamskraal Formation Balfour Formation Dwyka Group Ganigobis Formation Teekloof Formation Whitehill Formation Ordovician Soom Shale
Mesozoic	Cretaceous Uitenhage Group Buffelskloof Formation Enon Formation Kirkwood Formation Sundays River Formation Kalahari Deposits Jurassic Drakensberg Group Enon Formation Uitenhage Group Karoo Supergroup Beaufort Group Abrahamskraal Formation Balfour Formation Katberg Formation Middleton Formation Teekloof Formation Dwyka Group Ecca Group Whitehill Formation Stormberg Group Bushveld Sandstone Clarens Formation Elliot Formation Triassic Elliot Formation Katberg Formation Molteno Formation Normandien Formation
Cenozoic	Algoa Group

‎Tectonics and orogeny

Volcanism	List of volcanoes in South Africa Pilanesberg Pilanesberg Game Reserve Prince Edward Islands Diatremes Big Hole Finsch diamond mine Jagersfontein Mine Koffiefontein mine Barberton Greenstone Belt Drakensberg Karoo-Ferrar
Earthquakes	1620 Robben Island earthquake 1969 Tulbagh earthquake 2006 Mozambique earthquake 2014 Orkney earthquake
Impact craters	Kalkkop crater Morokweng impact structure Tswaing crater Vredefort impact structure
Meteorites	Bellsbank meteorite

‎Mineral deposits
Kimberlite Merensky Reef Witwatersrand Banket (mining term) Coal in South Africa Iron ore in Africa Platinum in Africa Titanium in Africa Uranium in Africa Minerals Council South Africa Department of Mineral Resources (South Africa) Department of Mineral Resources and Energy

Paleontology‎

Ordovician

Devonian

Carboniferous

Permian

Beaufort Group

Assemblages	Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone

Triassic

Assemblages	Cynognathus Assemblage Zone Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone

Jurassic

Cretaceous

Paleogene

Nummulite

Neogene

Pleistocene

Other

Research and administration‎

Geologists	Hans Merensky
Paleontologists	Andrew Geddes Bain Lieuwe Dirk Boonstra Charles Kimberlin Brain Robert Broom Alfred Brown Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan H. Basil S. Cooke Alfred W. Crompton Daniel Rossouw Kannemeyer Andre Keyser James Kitching John Talbot Robinson George William Stow Eduard Meine van Zinderen-Bakker

Regional articles
Geology of Cape Town

Other
Pothole (geology) Steep structure Swazian

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