PSLV-C2

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PSLV-C2

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PSLV-C2
Spacecraft properties
Model of the PSLV launch vehicle
Names	Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle

Mission type	Deployment of three satellites
Operator	ISRO
Website	ISRO website
Mission duration	1117.5 seconds


Spacecraft	Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
Spacecraft type	Expendable launch vehicle
Manufacturer	Indian Space Research Organisation
Launch mass	294,000 kg (648,000 lb)
Payload mass	1,202 kg (2,650 lb)


Start of mission
Launch date	26 May 1999, 06:22 UTC
Rocket	Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
Launch site	Sriharikota Launching Range
Contractor	ISRO


Orbital parameters
Reference system	Sun-synchronous orbit
Regime	Low Earth orbit


Payload
Oceansat-1 KITSAT-3 DLR-Tubsat

Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle missions ← PSLV-C1 PSLV-C3 →

PSLV-C2 was the second operational launch and overall fifth mission of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) program. This launch was also the forty-third launch by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) since its first mission on 1 January 1962. The vehicle carried three satellites which were deployed in the Sun-synchronous low Earth orbit.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] The vehicle carried India's first remote sensing satellite Oceansat-1 (IRS-P4) as the main payload. It also carried South Korean satellite KITSAT-3 and German satellite DLR-Tubsat as auxiliary payloads.^[1] PSLV-C2 was the first Indian Expendable launch vehicle to carry and deploy more than one satellite in a mission. This was also India's and ISRO's first commercial spaceflight where South Korea and Germany each paid US$1.0 million (equivalent to $1.83 million in 2023) to ISRO for launching their satellites.^[5]^[6]

Mission parameters

[edit]

Mass:
- Total liftoff weight: 294,000 kg (648,000 lb)
- Payload weight: 1,202 kg (2,650 lb)
Overall height: 44.4 m (146 ft)
Propellant:
- First stage: Solid HTPB based (138.0 + 54 tonnes)
- Second stage: Liquid UDMH + N₂O₄ (4.06 tonnes)
- Third stage: Solid HTPB based (7.2 tonnes)
- Fourth stage: Liquid MMH + N₂O₄ (2.0 tonnes)
Engine:
- First stage: S139
- Second stage: Vikas
- Third stage:
- Fourth stage: 2 x PS-4
Thrust:
- First stage: 4628 + 662 x 6 kN
- Second stage: 725 kN
- Third stage: 340 kN
- Fourth stage: 7.2 x 2 kN
Altitude: 735.1 km (456.8 mi)
Maximum velocity: 7,490 m/s (24,600 ft/s) (recorded at time of fourth stage ignition)
Duration: 1117.5 seconds ^[1]^[7]

Payload

[edit]

PSLV-C2 carried and deployed total three satellites. Oceansat-1 (IRS-P4) was the main payload and KITSAT-3 and DLR-Tubsat were two auxiliary payloads that were mounted on PSLV-C2 equipment bay diametrically opposite to each other. Oceansat-1, was mounted on top of the equipment bay. In the flight sequence, IRS-P4 was injected first, followed by KITSAT-3 and then DLR-Tubsat.^[1]^[8]^[9]

Country	Name	No.	Mass	Type	Objective
India	Oceansat-1	1	1050 kg	Indian Remote Sensing Satellite	Remote sensing
South Korea	KITSAT-3	1	107 kg	Microsatellite	Test and demonstrate new satellite bus & its payloads
Germany	DLR-Tubsat	1	45 kg	Microsatellite	Test newly developed attitude control system

Launch and planned flight profile

[edit]

PSLV-C2 was launched at 06:22 UTC on 26 May 1999 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (then called "Sriharikota Launching Range"). The mission was planned with pre-flight prediction of perigee and apogee of 727 km (452 mi). The actual perigee was 723.1 km, apogee was 735.1 km. Following was the planned flight profile.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[7]

Stage	Time (seconds)	Altitude (kilometer)	Velocity (meter/sec)	Event	Remarks
First stage	T+0	0.02	450	First stage ignition	Lift-off
	T+1.2	0.02	450	Ignition of 4 ground-lit strap-on motors
	T+25.1	2.43	540	Ignition of 2 air-lit strap-on motors
	T+68.1	23.10	1,100	Separation of 4 ground-lit strap-on motors
	T+90.1	40.21	1,520	Separation of 2 air-lit strap-on motors
	T+117.7	72.08	1,970	First stage separation
Second stage	T+117.9	72.38	1,970	Second stage ignition
	T+162.7	120.71	2,210	Heat shield separation
	T+167.7	126.60	2,260	Closed-loop guidance initiation
	T+284.5	254.03	4,070	Second stage separation
Third stage	T+285.7	255.46	4,060	Third stage ignition
Third stage	T+506.4	533.57	5,970	Third stage separation
Fourth stage	T+584.4	605.44	5,870	Fourth stage ignition
	T+991.7	728.25	7,490	Fourth stage thrust cut-off
	T+1017.5	728.66	7,490	Oceansat-1 (IRS-P4) separation
	T+1067.5	729.51	7,490	KITSAT-3 separation
	T+1117.5	730.41	7,490	DLR-Tubsat separation

The launch was witnessed by Atal Bihari Vajpayee (then Prime Minister of India), Murli Manohar Joshi, Vasundhara Raje and N. Chandrababu Naidu.^[6]

References

[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "PSLV-C2". Indian Space Research Organisation. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Space Launch Report: PSLV". Space Launch Report. Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2016.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ ^a ^b "ISRO timeline since 1960s". Indian Space Research Organisation. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
^ ^a ^b "PSLV-C2 mission". iisc.ernet.in. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c "The science and commerce of PSLV". Frontline (magazine). Retrieved 9 July 2016.
^ ^a ^b "PSLV Successfully Launches Three Satellites". Press Information Bureau. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
^ ^a ^b "PSLV-C2 brochure" (PDF). Indian Space Research Organisation. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
^ "Korea Institute of Technology Satellite-3". eoportal.org. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
^ "TUBSAT (Technical University of Berlin Satellite) Program". eoportal.org. Retrieved 9 July 2016.

v t e Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
1990s	PSLV-D1 (20 Sep 1993, failure) PSLV-D2 (15 Oct 1994) PSLV-D3 (21 Mar 1996) PSLV-C1 (29 Sep 1997) PSLV-C2 (26 May 1999)
2000s	PSLV-C3 (22 Oct 2001) PSLV-C4 (METSAT, 12 Sep 2002) PSLV-C5 (Resourcesat-1, 17 Oct 2003) PSLV-C6 (HAMSAT, 5 May 2005) PSLV-C7 (10 Jan 2007) PSLV-C8 (23 Apr 2007) PSLV-C10 (21 Jan 2008) PSLV-C9 (28 Apr 2008) PSLV-C11 (22 Oct 2008) PSLV-C12 (20 Apr 2009) PSLV-C14 (23 Sep 2009)
2010s	PSLV-C15 (12 Jul 2010) PSLV-C16 (20 Apr 2011) PSLV-C17 (15 Jul 2011) PSLV-C18 (12 Oct 2011) PSLV-C19 (26 Apr 2012) PSLV-C21 (9 Sep 2012) PSLV-C20 (25 Feb 2013) PSLV-C22 (IRNSS-1A, 1 Jul 2013) PSLV-C25 (Mars Orbiter Mission, 5 Nov 2013) PSLV-C24 (IRNSS-1B, 4 Apr 2014) PSLV-C23 (30 Jun 2014) PSLV-C26 (IRNSS-1C, 16 Oct 2014) PSLV-C27 (IRNSS-1D, 28 Mar 2015) PSLV-C28 (DMC-3, 10 Jul 2015) PSLV-C30 (28 Sep 2015) PSLV-C29 (16 Dec 2015) PSLV-C31 (IRNSS-1E, 20 Jan 2016) PSLV-C32 (IRNSS-1F, 10 Mar 2016) PSLV-C33 (IRNSS-1G, 28 Apr 2016) PSLV-C34 (22 Jun 2016) PSLV-C35 (SCATSAT-1, 26 Sep 2016) PSLV-C36 (Resourcesat-2A, 7 Dec 2016) PSLV-C37 (15 Feb 2017) PSLV-C38 (23 Jun 2017) PSLV-C39 (IRNSS-1H, 31 Aug 2017, failure) PSLV-C40 (Cartosat-2F, 12 Jan 2018) PSLV-C41 (IRNSS-1I, 11 Apr 2018) PSLV-C42 (16 Sep 2018) PSLV-C43 (HySIS, 29 Nov 2018) PSLV-C44 (Microsat-R, 24 Jan 2019) PSLV-C45 (EMISAT, 1 Apr 2019) PSLV-C46 (RISAT-2B, 22 May 2019) PSLV-C47 (Cartosat-3, 27 Nov 2019) PSLV-C48 (RISAT-2BR1, 11 Dec 2019)
2020s	PSLV-C49 (EOS-01, 7 Nov 2020) PSLV-C50 (CMS-01, 17 Dec 2020) PSLV-C51 (Amazônia-1, 28 Feb 2021) PSLV-C52 (EOS-04, 14 Feb 2022) PSLV-C53 (DS-EO, NeuSAR, Scoob-1, POEM-1 (hosted), 30 Jun 2022) PSLV-C54 (EOS-06, BhutanSat aka INS-2B, Anand, 26 Nov 2022) PSLV-C55 (TeLEOS-2, Lumelite-4, POEM-2 (hosted), 22 Apr 2023) PSLV-C56 (DS-SAR, VELOX-AM, 30 Jul 2023) PSLV-C57 (Aditya-L1, 2 Sep 2023) PSLV-C58 (XPoSat, POEM-3 (hosted), 1 Jan 2024)
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List of orbital launch systems Comparison of orbital launch systems
Current	Angara 1.2 A5 Ariane 6 Atlas V Ceres 1 1S Chollima-1 Electron Falcon 9 Block 5 Falcon Heavy Firefly Alpha Gravity-1 GSLV H-IIA H3 Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 3 KAIROS^† Kaituozhe 2 Kinetica 1 Kuaizhou 1 1A 11 Long March 2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 5B 6 6A 7 7A 8 11 11H LVM3 Minotaur I IV V C Nuri OS-M1^† Pegasus XL Proton-M PSLV Qaem 100 Qased Shavit 2 Simorgh SLS Block 1 Soyuz-2 2.1a / STA 2.1b / STB 2-1v SSLV Starship Tianlong-2 Unha Vega C Vulcan Centaur Zhuque 2
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This Template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future Symbol ^† indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)

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