Ensiklopedia Dunia

Technopedia Center

Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education

Pangkham - Wikipedia

Coordinates: 22°10′N 99°11′E / 22.167°N 99.183°E

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pangkham Pang Kham • ဝဵင်းပၢင်သၢင်း • 邦康 Panghsang
Pangkham Location in Myanmar
Coordinates: 22°10′N 99°11′E / 22.167°N 99.183°E / 22.167; 99.183
Country	Myanmar
Division	Wa State (de facto) Shan State (de jure)
Self-Administered Division (de jure)	Wa Self-Administered Division (de jure)
Special District (de facto) District (de jure)	Bangkum Special District (de facto) Matman District (de jure)
Population (2002)
• Total	15,000
• Ethnicities	Wa Shan Han Chinese
Time zone	UTC+6.30 (MMT)

Pangkham (Burmese: ပန်ခမ်းမြို့; MLCTS: pan kham: mrui.; Chinese: 邦康; pinyin: Bāngkāng; Parauk: Pang Kham), known before 1999 as Panghsang (Parauk: Pang Sang, Chinese: 邦桑; pinyin: Bāngsāng; Wade–Giles: Pang¹-sang¹), is a border town in Myanmar's far eastern Shan State. It is situated at a bend on the Hka River near the border with Yunnan Province, China, opposite of the town of Menglian. Pangkham is the main town of Pangsang Township of Matman District of Shan State.^[1]

It has hotels, shops, a supermarket, karaoke bars, a bowling alley, and a 24-hour casino.^[2] There is a thriving night life centered on the casino. Food in Pangkham is mostly imported from China. The cars, mainly Land Rovers, Land Cruisers and foreign pick-ups, have been smuggled in from Thailand.^[3]

History

Pangkham is the de facto capital of Wa State, officially designated the Wa Self-Administered Division, while Hopang is its capital assigned by Myanmar government. It is controlled by the United Wa State Army (UWSA), the military wing of the United Wa State Party (UWSP) formed after the collapse of the Communist Party of Burma (CPB) in 1989.^[3]^[4]

In 1990s the Wa Women's Association established an orphanage in Pangkham for children's whose parents were killed in fighting between United Wa State Army and Shan forces.^[5]

On 17 April 2009, the 20th anniversary of the coup against the CPB was celebrated in Pangkham, attended by representatives from the military government, Kokang, Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO), Shan State Army - North, and former members of the CPB.^[6]

The next day, on 18 April 2009, a fire destroyed the largest petrol station and over 10,000 tons of teak in a warehouse in Pangkham, both belonging to one of the Wa leaders Wei Hsueh-kang.^[7]

The road from Panghkam to Metman is 48 miles long.^[8]

References

^ "Shan Herald Agency for News (S.H.A.N)". English.panglong.org. 22 January 2016. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
^ Andrew Marshall, Anthony Davis (16 December 2002). "Soldiers of Fortune". TIME Asia. Archived from the original on 3 February 2003. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
^ ^a ^b Tor Norling. "Haven or Hell". The Irrawaddy, 11 July 2008. Archived from the original on 6 October 2010. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
^ "Panghsang tightening security". Shan Herald Agency for News (S.H.A.N.). 4 June 2005. Archived from the original on 11 February 2009. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
^ Ong, Andrew; Steinmüller, Hans (2021). "Communities of care: Public donations, development assistance, and independent philanthropy in the Wa State of Myanmar". Critique of Anthropology. 41 (1): 65–87. doi:10.1177/0308275X20974099. ISSN 0308-275X.
^ Wai Moe. "UWSA Leader Calls for 'Solid, United' Wa State". The Irrawaddy, 17 April 2009. Archived from the original on 27 April 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
^ "Fire in Panghsang". Shan Herald Agency for News (S.H.A.N.). 19 April 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
^ [1] ^{[dead link]}

External links

Satellite map GeoNames
Panghsang area mapShan Herald Agency for News (S.H.A.N.)
Myanmar's Wa: Likely Losers in the Opium War Pierre-Arnaud Chouvy, Asia Times, 24 January 2004
Photo: Panghsang - bridge to the hidden city Something about Myanmar, 28 February 2006
Photo: UWSA on parade at Panghsang The Irrawaddy, 4 May 2009

Shan State

Capital: Taunggyi

East Shan State

Kengtung District	Kengtung Township Mong Khet Township Mong La Township (SR4) Mong Yang Township Mine Pauk Subtownship Minelar Subtownship
Mong Hpayak District	Mong Hpayak Township (SR4) Mong Yawng Township Mineyu Subtownship
Mong Hsat District	Mong Hsat Township Mong Ping Township Mong Ton Township Minekoke Subtownship Mong Hta Ponparkyin Tontar Subtownship
Tachileik District	Tachileik Township Kyaing Lap Subtownship (Kenglap) Talay Subtownship

North Shan State

Kyaukme District	Hsipaw Township Kyaukme Township Namtu Township Nawnghkio Township Minelon Subtownship Minengaw Subtownship
Lashio District	Hseni Township Kunlong Township Lashio Township Mongyai Township Tangyan Township
Laukkaing District	see Kokang Self-Administered Zone
Mu Se District	Kutkai Township Mu Se Township Nanhkan Township Manhero Subtownship Monekoe Subtownship Pansai Subtownship (Kyu-kok) Tamoenye Subtownship
Hopang District	see Wa Self-Administered Division
Matman District	see Wa Self-Administered Division
Mongmit District	Mabein Township Mongmit Township
Kokang Self-Administered Zone	Laukkaing Township Konkyan Township Chinshwehaw Subtownship Mawhtike Subtownship
Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone¹	Mantong Township¹ Namhsan Township¹
Wa Self-Administered Division	Hopang Township² Mongmaw Township² (Minemaw) Pangwaun Township² (Panwine) Namtit Subtownship² Panlong Subtownship² Matman Township³ (Metman) Namphan Township³ (Naphang) Pangsang Township³ (Pan San) Man Kan Subtownship³

South Shan State

Langkho District	Langhko Township Mawkmai Township Mong Nai Township Mong Pan Township Homane Subtownship Kengtaung Subtownship
Loilen District	Kunhing Township Kyethi Township Lai-Hka Township Loilen Township Mong Hsu Township Mong Kung Township Nansang Township Karli Subtownship Kholan Subtownship Minenaung Subtownship Minesan Subtownship Panglong Subtownship
Taunggyi District	Kalaw Township Lawksawk Township Nyaungshwe Township Pekon Township Taunggyi Township Indaw Subtownship Kyauktalongyi Subtownship Naungtayar Subtownship
Danu Self-Administered Zone	Pindaya Township Ywangan Township
Pa-O Self-Administered Zone	Hopong Township Hsi Hseng Township Pinlaung Township

Main cities and towns

¹ - also part of Kyaukme District; ² - also part of Hopang District; ³ - also part of Matman District

v t e China–Myanmar border crossings
Yunnan–Shan State	Diphu Pass Chinshwehaw–Qingshuihe Laukkai–Nansan Manhero–Yinjingzhai Mong La–Daluo Mong Ko–Manghai, Mangshi Muse–Ruili Namtit–Mangka Pangkham–Menglian Pang Hseng–Wanding
Yunnan–Kachin State	Lweje–Zhangfeng Laiza–Nabang Kanpaikti–Houqiao Mai Ja Yang–Zhangfeng Pang War–Diantan Hpimaw–Pianma

22°10′N 99°11′E / 22.167°N 99.183°E / 22.167; 99.183

Categories:

Hidden categories: