Epstein Files Full PDF

CLICK HERE
Technopedia Center
PMB University Brochure
Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education
teknopedia

  • Registerasi
  • Brosur UTI
  • Kip Scholarship Information
  • Performance
Flag Counter
  1. World Encyclopedia
  2. Pearson Reef
Pearson Reef
Coordinates: 8°58′31″N 113°42′31″E / 8.97528°N 113.70861°E / 8.97528; 113.70861 (Pearson Reef)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Island
Pearson Reef
Disputed atoll
Pearson Reef in 2024
Pearson Reef is located in Spratly Islands
Pearson Reef
Pearson Reef
Other namesRạn vòng Pearson, đảo Phan Vinh, đảo Phan Vinh B (Vietnamese)
Hizon Reef (Philippine English)
Bahura ng Hizon (Filipino)
毕生礁 Bìshēng jiāo (Chinese)
Geography
LocationSouth China Sea
Coordinates8°58′31″N 113°42′31″E / 8.97528°N 113.70861°E / 8.97528; 113.70861 (Pearson Reef)
ArchipelagoSpratly Islands
Total islands2
Major islandsPhan Vinh Island
Phan Vinh B Island
Area117 ha (290 acres)
Administration
 Vietnam
DistrictTrường Sa District
TownshipTrường Sa Township
Claimed by
 China
 Philippines
 Taiwan
 Vietnam
Additional information
Area codesPhan Vinh Island: 58 ha
Phan Vinh B Island: 20 ha

Pearson Reef (Filipino: Bahura ng Hizon, Chinese: 毕生礁; pinyin: Bìshēng jiāo), called Phan Vinh Island (Vietnamese: đảo Phan Vinh) in Vietnam, is an atoll of the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea. The atoll has been occupied by Vietnam since 1978. It is claimed by China (PRC), the Philippines, Vietnam, and Taiwan (ROC).[1][2][3] With land reclaimed from the sea, by 2025 the total area of the islands will be 117 hectares. Phan Vinh A: 0.61 km² and Phan Vinh B: 0.56 km².

Characteristic

[edit]
Phan Vinh Island (Đảo Phan Vinh)
Pearson Reef in 2022
Pearson Reef in 1999
Pier on Phan Vinh Island

Pearson Reef is about 9 km long and about 1.8 km wide and in the middle there is an enclosed lagoon 3 to 6 m deep. The total area of this coral reef is 14.75 km2, of which the area of the reef is 2.72 km2.[4]

To the northeast of Pearson Reef is a floating island, named Phan Vinh Island (đảo Phan Vinh), formerly known as Hon Sap Island (Đảo Hòn Sập) in Vietnam. The island has an annular shape.[5] It has a length of 290 m, a width of 140 m and lies on a 4.9 nautical mile (9.1 km) long coral reef that also follows the northeast-southwest axis. The island has a natural area of about 2.4 hectares. The island belongs to the Spratly cluster (cụm Trường Sa) of the Spratly Island and is located about 14.5 nautical miles (27 km) northwest of Alison Reef (Toc Tan Reef, đá Tốc Tan). In October 2021, Vietnam started dredging and expanding the accretion at 3 features: Phan Vinh Island, Namyit Island and Sand Cay Island.[6] According to images taken by the Sentinel-2 satellite (ESA), by June 2023, Phan Vinh Island has been expanded with an area of about 50 hectares of floating land, 1.6 km long and 600m wide with a lock in the middle of the island.

At the southwest corner of this reef, there is a smaller island called Phan Vinh B Island (đảo Phan Vinh B) located to the west about 3.3 nautical miles (6.1 km) west-southwest of Phan Vinh Island, with coordinates 8°57′33″N 113°39′12″E. On Phan Vinh B Islet, there are 3 durable houses (built many years ago) that are linked together by a wide concrete road and have a helipad for helicopters to take off and land in case of rescue missions.[7]

Environment and infrastructure

[edit]

Phan Vinh Island does not have a fresh water source, but there are some green trees such as putat, beach casuarina, bayhops, portia tree, banyan, etc.[8]

On Phan Vinh Island, there are ways of civil works such as wind and solar power systems,[9] cultural houses, clinics, etc.

There is a religious establishment on the island, Vinh Phuc Pagoda (chùa Vinh Phúc).[10]

Vietnam has built Radar Station 44 (T44) on Phan Vinh Island, which can be observed within a radius of 300 km of the entire Spratly Islands in the South China Sea.[11]

History

[edit]

Pearson Reef was first observed by Pearson, commander of the Bahamian, in 1843.[12]

Before 1978, Phan Vinh Island was named Hon Sap Island by Vietnam. At the beginning of 1978, the situation in the Spratly Islands was complicated, the Philippines sent troops to occupy An Nhon reef (formerly known as Lan Can reef), some countries sent many ships to the Truong Sa archipelago. Sa. The Vietnamese Navy decided to quickly organize forces to keep the islands of Central London Reef, Sin Cowe East Island, Phan Vinh Island and Amboyna Cay.[13]

On March 30, 1978, a detachment of 31 people from Regiment 146, Naval Region 4, commanded by Second Lieutenant Vũ Xuân Hà, accompanied by Regiment Commander Cao Ánh Đăng aboard ship 680 of Division 128 was stationed Phan Vinh Island.

"Phan Vinh Island" as Vietnamese call it, comes from the name of the Hero of the People's Armed Forces, Lieutenant Nguyễn Phan Vinh (1933 – 1968, native of Dien Ban, Quang Nam), who was the captain of many numberless ship in the Vietnam War.

In 2022, news reports indicated that the Vietnamese government was engaged in dredging and landfill operations to expand the size of Pearson Reef (Phan Vinh Island), Namyit Island, and Sand Cay.[14] The total area of the land reclaimed of Phan Vinh Island in 2024, in this operations to be 58 hectares. From October 2023, Vietnam will begin to expand Phan Vinh B Island. In the future, the area of this island may exceed Phan Vinh Island.

See also

[edit]
  • Spratly Islands dispute

References

[edit]
  1. ^ (in Vietnamese)An sinh xã hội (June 20, 2017). "Chuyện người lính giữ đảo Phan Vinh". Archived from the original on November 9, 2022. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  2. ^ D. J. Hancox; John Robert Victor Prescott (1995). A Geographical Description of the Spratly Islands and an Account of Hydrographic Surveys Amongst Those Islands. IBRU. pp. 13–. ISBN 978-1-897643-18-1.
  3. ^ "Pearson Reef". cil.nus.edu.sg. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  4. ^ "Pearson Reef". cil.nus.edu.sg. Retrieved 2022-10-13.
  5. ^ Sailing Directions 161 (Enroute) - South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (13 ed.). Bethesda, Maryland: National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. 2011. p. 12.
  6. ^ "Castles Made of Sand: Vietnam's Spratly Upgrades". Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative. Retrieved 2022-08-24.
  7. ^ "Vững chãi đảo chìm Phan Vinh B". Báo Thanh Niên (in Vietnamese). 2020-06-08. Retrieved 2022-09-10.
  8. ^ "Mầm xanh mới - tình yêu đất liền gửi đảo Phan Vinh". Tuổi Trẻ Online. 2017-05-28.
  9. ^ "Năng lượng sạch trên đảo Phan Vinh". vietnam.vnanet.vn (in Vietnamese). 2021-11-04. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
  10. ^ "Chùa Vinh Phúc – Cột mốc tâm linh giữa Biển Đông". vietnam.vnanet.vn (in Vietnamese). 2020-03-02. Retrieved 2022-09-08.
  11. ^ ""Mắt thần" trên Biển Đông". vietnam.vnanet.vn (in Vietnamese). 2020-01-26. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
  12. ^ Findlay, Alexander George (1878). A Directory for the Navigation of the Indian Archipelago, China, and Japan. Richard Holmes Laurie. p. 663.
  13. ^ "Chuyện người lính giữ đảo Phan Vinh". baodansinh.vn. Archived from the original on 2022-11-09. Retrieved 2022-11-09.
  14. ^ "Vietnam carries out 'substantial' expansion in South China Sea, US thinktank finds". The Guardian. December 14, 2022. Retrieved July 3, 2023.

External links

[edit]
  • Maritime Transparency Initiative Island Tracker
  • v
  • t
  • e
Spratly Islands
Confrontations
  • Southwest Cay incident (1975)
  • East Sea Campaign (1975)
  • Johnson South Reef Skirmish (1988)
Regions
  • Dangerous Ground
  • Loaita Bank
  • London Reefs
  • North Danger Reef
  • Reed Tablemount
  • Tizard Bank
  • Union Banks
Occupied features
Brunei Brunei
  • Louisa Reef
China China
  • Cuarteron Reef
  • Fiery Cross Reef
  • Gaven Reefs
  • Hughes Reef
  • Johnson South Reef
  • Mischief Reef
  • Subi Reef
Malaysia Malaysia
  • Ardasier Reef
  • Dallas Reef
  • Erica Reef
  • Investigator Shoal
  • Mariveles Reef
  • Swallow Reef
Philippines Philippines
  • Commodore Reef
  • Flat Island
  • Irving Reef
  • Lankiam Cay
  • Loaita Cay
  • Loaita Island
  • Nanshan Island
  • Northeast Cay
  • Second Thomas Shoal
  • Thitu Island
  • West York Island
Taiwan Taiwan
  • Taiping Island
  • Zhongzhou Reef
Vietnam Vietnam
  • Alison Reef
  • Amboyna Cay
  • Barque Canada Reef
  • Bombay Castle
  • Central London Reef
  • Collins Reef
  • Cornwallis South Reef
  • Discovery Great Reef
  • East London Reef
  • Grierson Reef
  • Ladd Reef
  • Lansdowne Reef
  • Namyit Island
  • Pearson Reef
  • Petley Reef
  • Sand Cay
  • Sin Cowe Island
  • South Reef
  • Southwest Cay
  • Spratly Island
  • Tennent Reef
  • West London Reef
Unoccupied features
  • First Thomas Shoal
  • Half Moon Shoal
  • Luconia Shoals
  • Northeast Investigator Shoal
  • Royal Captain Shoal
  • Sabina Shoal
  • Third Thomas Shoal
  • Western Reef
  • Whitsun Reef
Related articles
  • Spratly Islands dispute
  • Free Territory of Freedomland
  • "Great Wall of Sand"
  • List of airports in the Spratly Islands
  • List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands
  • Philippines and the Spratly Islands
  • Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads
  • Territorial disputes in the South China Sea
  • Nine-dash line
  • v
  • t
  • e
South China Sea
Pratas Island
  • Pratas Island
  • North Vereker Bank
  • South Vereker Bank
Paracel Islands
Amphitrite Group
  • Rocky Island
  • Tree Island
  • West Sand
  • Woody Island
  • Qilian Yu
Crescent Group
  • Money Island
  • Robert Island
  • Yagong Island
Other features
  • Bombay Reef
  • Triton Island
Northeastern SCS
  • Zhongsha Islands
  • Macclesfield Bank
    • Walker Shoal
  • Scarborough Shoal
Spratly Islands
  • List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands
  • Great Wall of Sand
  • Royal Malaysian Navy Offshore Bases
  • Vietnamese DK1 rigs
  • List of airports in the Spratly Islands
Dangerous
Ground
NW
  • North Danger Reef
    • Northeast Cay
    • Southwest Cay
  • Thitu Reefs
    • Thitu Island
    • Subi Reef
  • Loaita Bank
    • Lankiam Cay
    • Loaita Cay
    • Loaita Island
  • Tizard Bank
    • Gaven Reefs
    • Namyit Island
    • Sand Cay
    • Taiping Island
    • Zhongzhou Reef
  • NNW
    • Irving Reef
    • West York Island
  • WNW
    • Western Reef
NE
  • Flat Island
  • Nanshan Island
  • Reed Tablemount
  • Third Thomas Shoal
SE
  • Commodore Reef
  • First Thomas Shoal
  • Mischief Reef
  • Sabina Shoal
  • Second Thomas Shoal
SW
  • Union Banks
    • Collins Reef
    • Hughes Reef
    • Johnson South Reef
    • Sin Cowe Island
  • Ardasier Reef
  • Cornwallis South Reef
  • Dallas Reef
  • Erica Reef
  • Investigator Shoal
  • Mariveles Reef
West
  • London Reefs
    • Central London Reef
    • Cuarteron Reef
    • East London Reef
    • West London Reef
  • Bombay Castle
  • Fiery Cross Reef
  • Ladd Reef
  • Spratly Island
East
  • Royal Captain Shoal
  • Half Moon Shoal
South
  • Amboyna Cay
  • Louisa Reef
  • Swallow Reef
Southeastern SCS
  • Palawan Passage
Southern SCS
  • James Shoal
  • Luconia Shoals
Tudjuh Archipelago
  • Natuna Islands
  • Anambas Islands
  • Badas Islands
  • Tambelan Archipelago
History
  • Territorial disputes
  • History of the Spratly Islands
  • Nine-dash line
  • Spratly Islands dispute
  • Philippines and the Spratly Islands
  • Battle of Leyte Gulf (1944)
  • Battle of the Paracel Islands (1974)
  • Southwest Cay incident (1975)
  • Johnson South Reef skirmish (1988)
  • Scarborough Shoal standoff (2012)
  • Designation of the West Philippine Sea (2012)
  • Hai Yang Shi You 981 standoff (2014)
  • Reed Bank incident (2019)
  • Second Thomas Shoal incident (2024)
  • CCG and PLA Navy ship collision (2025)
Transport
  • Ships
    • Coconut Princess
  • Airports
    • Pratas Is
    • Paracel Islands Airports
      • Woody Is
    • Spratly Islands Airports
      • Itu Aba
      • Spratly Is
      • Swallow Reef
      • Thitu Is
  • icon Oceans portal


Stub icon

This Asia location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

  • v
  • t
  • e
Stub icon

This article about a location in Vietnam is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

  • v
  • t
  • e

This article about an island is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

  • v
  • t
  • e
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pearson_Reef&oldid=1313022028"
Categories:
  • Atolls of the Spratly Islands
  • Atolls of Vietnam
  • Disputed atolls
  • Asia geography stubs
  • Vietnam geography stubs
  • Island stubs
Hidden categories:
  • Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas
  • Articles with Vietnamese-language sources (vi)
  • CS1 Vietnamese-language sources (vi)
  • Articles with short description
  • Short description is different from Wikidata
  • Coordinates on Wikidata
  • Articles containing Filipino-language text
  • Articles containing Chinese-language text
  • Articles containing Vietnamese-language text
  • All stub articles

  • indonesia
  • Polski
  • العربية
  • Deutsch
  • English
  • Español
  • Français
  • Italiano
  • مصرى
  • Nederlands
  • 日本語
  • Português
  • Sinugboanong Binisaya
  • Svenska
  • Українська
  • Tiếng Việt
  • Winaray
  • 中文
  • Русский
Sunting pranala
url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url
Pusat Layanan

UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA | ASEAN's Best Private University
Jl. ZA. Pagar Alam No.9 -11, Labuhan Ratu, Kec. Kedaton, Kota Bandar Lampung, Lampung 35132
Phone: (0721) 702022
Email: pmb@teknokrat.ac.id