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Philornis - Wikipedia

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Philornis

Philornis downsi
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Family:	Muscidae
Subfamily:	Azeliinae
Tribe:	Reinwardtiini
Genus:	Philornis Meinert, 1890^[1]
Synonyms
Mesembrinellopsis Townsend, 1927^[2] Neomusca Malloch, 1921

Philornis is a genus of around 50 species of fly (Diptera, Muscidae) from Central and South America. Their larvae are subcutaneous parasites of nestling birds.^[3] They are sometimes referred to as "bot flies",^[4] though they are not related to true bot flies (family Oestridae).

Two species^[which?] are also found in the southern United States. One species, P. downsi, has been accidentally introduced to the Galapagos Archipelago, posing a major threat to some of its endemic birds.^[6]^[7]

They parasitize a wide range of bird species including psittacines. A study in the Peruvian Amazon compared parasite prevalence among different nests of scarlet macaws at the Tambopata research site, to see whether any of the nest types resulted in higher infestation.^[4] Parasite prevalence was significantly lower in natural nest hollows than in artificial nest boxes. The most extreme intensity was 63 larvae per chick,^[4] which is higher than those found for other Neotropical parrots.^[8] The study also described a new and efficient technique to remove larvae using a reverse syringe design snake bite extractor.^[4]

Species

Philornis aitkeni Dodge, 1963
Philornis albuquerquei Couri, 1983
Philornis amazonensis Couri, 1983
Philornis angustifrons (Loew, 1861)
Philornis bella Couri, 1984^[9]
Philornis blanchardi García, 1952
Philornis carinata Dodge, 1968
Philornis cinnamomina (Stein, 1918)
Philornis deceptiva (Dodge & Aitken, 1968)^[10]
Philornis diminuta Couri, 1984^[9]
Philornis downsi (Dodge & Aitken, 1968)^[10]
Philornis falsifica (Dodge & Aitken, 1968)^[10]
Philornis fasciventris (Wulp, 1896)
Philornis frontalis Couri, 1984^[9]
Philornis fumicosta Dodge, 1968
Philornis gagnei Couri, 1983
Philornis glaucinis Dodge & Aitken, 1968^[10]
Philornis grandis Couri, 1984^[9]
Philornis insularis Couri, 1983
Philornis isla Couri, 2000
Philornis lopesi Couri, 1983
Philornis masoni Couri, 1986
Philornis mediana Couri, 1984^[9]
Philornis mima (Townsend, 1927)^[2]
Philornis mimicola Dodge, 1968
Philornis molesta Meinert, 1890)^[1]
Philornis nielseni Dodge, 1968
Philornis nigra Dodge & Aitken, 1968^[10]
Philornis obscura (Wulp, 1896)
Philornis obscurinervis Couri, 1984^[9]
Philornis petersoni Couri, 1984^[9]
Philornis porteri Dodge, 1955
Philornis querula Dodge & Aitken, 1968^[10]
Philornis rettenmeyeri Dodge, 1963
Philornis ruforscutellaris Couri, 1983
Philornis sabroskyi Albuquerque, 1957
Philornis sanguinis Dodge & Aitken, 1968^[10]
Philornis schildi Dodge, 1963
Philornis seguyi García, 1952
Philornis setinervis Dodge, 1963
Philornis sperophila (Townsend, 1895)
Philornis torquans (Nielsen, 1913)
Philornis trinitensis Dodge & Aitken, 1968^[10]
Philornis umanani García, 1952
Philornis univittata Dodge, 1968
Philornis vespidicola Dodge, 1968
Philornis vulgaris Couri, 1984^[9]
Philornis zeteki Dodge, 1963

References

^ ^a ^b Meinert, F. (1890). "Philornis molesta, en paa fugle snyltende tachinarie". Naturhist. For. Kjobenhavn, Vidensk. Meddel. 1889 (ser. 5, 1): 304–317, 1 pl.
^ ^a ^b Townsend, C. H. T. (1927). "Synopse dos generos muscoideos da regiao humida tropical da America, con generos e especies". Revista do Museu Paulista. 15: 203–385.
^ Couri, M. S.; Carvalho, C. J. B. (2003). "Systematic Relations Among Philornis Meinert, Passeromyia Rodhain & Villeneuve and Allied Genera (Diptera, Muscidae)" (PDF). Braz. J. Biol. 63 (2): 223–32. doi:10.1590/s1519-69842003000200007. PMID 14509844.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Olah, George; Vigo, Gabriela; Ortiz, Lizzie; Rozsa, Lajos; Brightsmith, Donald J. (2013). "Philornis sp. bot fly larvae in free living scarlet macaw nestlings and a new technique for their extraction" (PDF). Veterinary Parasitology. 196 (1–2): 245–249. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.052. PMID 23384580.
^ Pujol-Luz, José Roberto; Duca, Charles; Marini, Miguel Ângelo; Barbosa, Leandro; Couri, Márcia Souto (2018-11-23). "A new host for Philornis torquans (Diptera, Muscidae) from the Brazilian Cerrado". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia. 58: e20185857. doi:10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.57. ISSN 1807-0205.
^ Bulgarella, Mariana; Lincango, M. Piedad; Lahuatte, Paola F.; Oliver, Jonathan D.; Cahuana, Andrea; Ramírez, Ismael E.; Sage, Roxanne; Colwitz, Alyssa J.; Freund, Deborah A.; Miksanek, James R.; Moon, Roger D.; Causton, Charlotte E.; Heimpel, George E. (2022). "Persistence of the invasive bird-parasitic fly Philornis downsi over the host interbreeding period in the Galapagos Islands". Scientific Reports. 12 (2325): 2325. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12.2325B. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06208-5. PMC 8837626. PMID 35149738. S2CID 246776484.
^ Couri, M. S. (1999). Myiasis caused by obligatory parasites Ia. Philornis Meinert (Muscidae). In Guimarães J. H., Papavero N. (eds.), Myiasis in man and animals in the Neotropical region;. São Paulo, Brazil.: Editora Pleiade. pp. 44–70.
^ Seixas, G. H. F.; Mourao, G. (2003). "Growth of nestlings of the blue-fronted amazon (Amazona aestiva) raised in the wild or in captivity". Ornitologia Neotropical. 14: 295–305.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Couri, M. S. (1984). "Notes and descriptions of Philornis flies (Diptera, Muscidae, Cyrtoneurinininae)". Rev. Bras. Entomol. 28: 473–490.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Dodge, H. Rodney; Aitken, Thomas H. G. (1968). "Philornis Flies from Trinidad (Diptera: Muscidae)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 41 (1). Kansas (Central States) Entomological Society: 134–154. JSTOR 25083688.

Taxon identifiers
Philornis	Wikidata: Q7186151 Wikispecies: Philornis BOLD: 27994 CoL: 6NK2 EoL: 54926 GBIF: 1525852 iNaturalist: 329910 IRMNG: 1423875 ITIS: 150620 NCBI: 253427 Open Tree of Life: 842738 Plazi: BB5C87C4-FFC0-563A-EEAE-FF0DD90DFECA

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