Ensiklopedia Dunia

Technopedia Center

Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education

Pierres du Niton - Wikipedia

Coordinates: 46°12′20″N 6°09′16″E / 46.20556°N 6.15444°E

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pierres du Niton
glacial erratics
The Pierres du Niton seen from the left bank of Geneva harbor
Pierres du Niton
Coordinates: 46°12′20″N 6°09′16″E / 46.20556°N 6.15444°E / 46.20556; 6.15444
Location	Geneva, Switzerland
Age	c. 303 million years
Geology	Mont Blanc massif
Elevation	373.6 m (1,225.7 ft)
Designation	Geotope of National Significance

The Pierres du Niton (French for Neptune's Stones) are two glacial erratics in Lake Geneva, Switzerland, in Geneva harbor. On the left bank of the lake near Quai Gustave-Ador, they are remnants from the last ice age, left by the Rhone glacier. Because of their role in Swiss cartography, the rocks have been declared a "Geotope", a national site of geological heritage.^[1]

Geology

Genevan scientist Horace Bénédict de Saussure identified the rocks as granite from the Alps in 1779.^[2] Jean-André Deluc later described the two rocks as part of a larger group of 24 erratics of similar composition: a granite with large feldspar crystals, slightly violet quartz, and slightly green chlorite.^[3] More recent analysis has determined their likely origin in the Mont Blanc massif, being dated to around 303 million years before present.^[4] The Repère ("landmark") Pierre du Niton is the name of the rock which is bigger and further from the shore

History

The word Niton is derived from the ancient water god Neptune, who was revered by the Gauls who settled at the lake, as old inscriptions in Geneva and Lausanne indicate.^[5]

Guillaume-Henri Dufour used the Repère as a height starting point by the development of the Dufour maps from 1845 to 1864 in the graduation 1:100 000. At that time the height over sea level was estimated and decreed to be 376.86 m. Up to today, this stone forms the authoritative point of the Swiss height measurement system. However, the height was newly evaluated in 1902 to be 373.6m over sea level. This is why the data in maps of Switzerland made before 1902 differ by 3.26 m from today's official values.

In the Bronze Age, these stones may have had a spiritual significance and been used in religious ceremonies. This has been hypothesized due to square holes at the top of the larger stone, discovered in 1660, which seem to have been hewed by Middle Bronze Age (c. 1500–1200 BCE) axes.^[6]

References

^ "Géotope suisse n°283 (GE)" (PDF). data.geo.admin.ch. 2012-11-08. Retrieved 2022-07-24.
^ Saussure, Horace-Bénédict de (1779). Voyages dans les Alpes. Tome 1 / , précédés d'un Essai sur l'histoire naturelle des environs de Genève, par Horace-Bénédict de Saussure. p. 15.
^ De Luc, Jean André (1826). "Mémoire sur le phénomène des grandes pierres primitives alpines : distribuées par groupes dans le bassin du lac de Genève et dans les vallées de l'Arve". Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève (in French). Vol. III. London Natural History Museum Library. Société de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Genève. pp. 139–200.
^ Sesiano, Jean; Schynder, Cédric; Proz, Pierre-Alain; Gnos, Edwin; Schaltegger, Urs (2011-01-27). "Les Pierres du Niton revisitées : soubassement, minéralogie, datation et origine". Archives des Sciences [2004-Ff.] (in French). 64 (1–2): 81. doi:10.5169/seals-738422. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
^ Répertoire des immeubles et objets classés. Service des monuments et sites. République et Canton de Genève. Éditions Georg. ISBN 2-8257-0126-2
^ Arts et monuments. Ville et Canton de Genève. Armand Brulhart et Erica Deuber-Pauli. Éditions Georg. ISBN 2-8257-0126-2

46°12′20″N 6°09′16″E / 46.20556°N 6.15444°E / 46.20556; 6.15444

Categories:

Hidden categories: