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Piriformis nerve
Diagram of sacral plexus and pudendal plexus. (Label "to piriformis" is at center left.)
The piriformis and nearby muscles
Details
From	Sacral plexus (S1–S2)
Innervates	Piriformis muscle
Identifiers
Latin	nervus musculi piriformis
TA98	A14.2.07.029
TA2	6545
FMA	16509
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]

The piriformis nerve, also known as the nerve to piriformis, is the peripheral nerve that provides motor innervation to the piriformis muscle.

Structure

Origin

The nerve to piriformis is a branch of the sacral plexus.^[1]^[2] It (typically^[3]) arises from the posterior divisions^[4]/branches^[3] of anterior rami of S1 and S2.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[5]

Course

It enters the anterior surface of the piriformis muscle.^[3]^[6]

Variation

Origin

It may sometimes arise from the anterior ramus of S2 only.^[3]

Number

It may be doubled. An additional branch may arise from the superior gluteal nerve.^[3]

Distribution

The piriformis nerve innervates the piriformis muscle.^[1]

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 957 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ ^a ^b ^c Pan, Jason; Vasudevan, John (2018-01-01), Freedman, Mitchell K.; Gehret, Jeffrey A.; Young, George W.; Kamen, Leonard B. (eds.), "Chapter 24 - Piriformis Syndrome: A Review of the Evidence and Proposed New Criteria for Diagnosis", Challenging Neuropathic Pain Syndromes, Elsevier, pp. 205–215, ISBN 978-0-323-48566-1, retrieved 2021-02-03
^ ^a ^b Khan, Dost; Nelson, Ariana (2018). "67 - Piriformis Syndrome". Essentials of Pain Medicine. Elsevier. pp. 613–618. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-40196-8.00067-X. ISBN 978-0-323-40196-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Apaydin, Nihal (2015). "Chapter 47 - Variations of the Lumbar and Sacral Plexuses and Their Branches". Nerves and Nerve Injuries. Vol. 1: History, Embryology, Anatomy, Imaging, and Diagnostics. Academic Press. p. 634. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-410390-0.00049-4. ISBN 978-0-12-410390-0.
^ Mirjalili, S. Ali (2015-01-01), Tubbs, R. Shane; Rizk, Elias; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios (eds.), "Chapter 46 - Anatomy of the Sacral Plexus L4-S4", Nerves and Nerve Injuries, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 619–626, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00048-2, ISBN 978-0-12-410390-0, retrieved 2021-02-28
^ Mirjalili, S. Ali (2015-01-01), Tubbs, R. Shane; Rizk, Elias; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios (eds.), "Chapter 46 - Anatomy of the Sacral Plexus L4-S4", Nerves and Nerve Injuries, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 619–626, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00048-2, ISBN 978-0-12-410390-0, retrieved 2021-02-28
^ Mirjalili, S. Ali (2015-01-01), Tubbs, R. Shane; Rizk, Elias; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios (eds.), "Chapter 46 - Anatomy of the Sacral Plexus L4-S4", Nerves and Nerve Injuries, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 619–626, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00048-2, ISBN 978-0-12-410390-0, retrieved 2021-02-28

Nerves of the lumbosacral plexus

Lumbar plexus

iliohypogastric	lateral cutaneous branch anterior cutaneous branch
ilioinguinal	anterior scrotal ♂/labial ♀
genitofemoral	femoral branch genital branch
Lateral cutaneous	patellar
obturator	anterior cutaneous posterior accessory
femoral	anterior cutaneous branches saphenous infrapatellar medial crural cutaneous

sacral plexus

sciatic

common fibular	lateral sural cutaneous communicating branch deep fibular lateral terminal branch medial terminal branch dorsal digital superficial fibular medial dorsal cutaneous intermediate dorsal cutaneous dorsal digital
tibial	medial sural cutaneous medial calcaneal medial plantar (common plantar digital nerves proper plantar digital) lateral plantar (deep branch superficial branch common plantar digital proper plantar digital)
sural	lateral dorsal cutaneous lateral calcaneal