Platypharodon extremus

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Platypharodon extremus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cypriniformes
Family:	Cyprinidae
Genus:	Platypharodon Herzenstein, 1891
Species:	P. extremus
Binomial name
*Platypharodon extremus* Herzenstein, 1891

Platypharodon extremus is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to the upper Yellow River basin in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau of China.^[1]^[2] It is the only member of its genus, but is related to other schizothoracines (snowtrout and allies) like Aspiorhynchus, Chuanchia, Gymnocypris, Oxygymnocypris, Ptychobarbus, Schizopyge, Schizopygopsis and Schizothorax.^[3]^[4]

P. extremus reaches up to 60 cm (2 ft) in length and 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) in weight.^[5] Similar to Schizopygopsis, P. extremus has a horny sheath on the lower jaw and spoon-shaped teeth that it uses to scrape off periphyton and algae from stones, but it will also eat benthic invertebrates.^[3]^[6]

An important food fish,^[7] P. extremus has seriously declined and is now listed as vulnerable on China's Red List.^[1] The species has been bred and raised in captivity,^[1] and individuals are released back into the wild from two purposely built stations in an attempt of countering its threatened status.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Zhang, Y.P.; Z.Y. Lou; J.H. Su; W.L. Jiai; T. Wang; X.F. Gong; S.H. Qi; J.P. Wu; and Y.M. Wei (2010–2011). Artificial propagation of Platypharodon extremus. Journal of Fisheries of China.
^ Su, J.; W. Ji; Y. Zhang; D.M. Gleeson; Z. Lou; J. Ren; and Y. Wei (2015). Genetic diversity and demographic history of the endangered and endemic fish (Platypharodon extremus): implications for stock enhancement in Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. Environ Biol Fish 98(3): 763–774. doi:10.1007/s10641-014-0310-3
^ ^a ^b Tang, Y.; C. Li; K. Wanghe; C. Feng; C. Tong; F. Tian; and K. Zhao (2019). Convergent evolution misled taxonomy in schizothoracine fishes (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 134: 323–337 doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.01.008
^ Qi, D.; Y. Chao; Y. Zhao; M. Xia; and R. Wu (2018). Molecular evolution of myoglobin in the Tibetan Plateau endemic schizothoracine fish (Cyprinidae, Teleostei) and tissue-specific expression changes under hypoxia. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 44(2): 557–571. doi:10.1007/s10695-017-0453-1.
^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Platypharodon extremus". FishBase. May 2019 version.
^ ^a ^b Qi, D. (2016). Fish of the Upper Yellow River. Pp. 233–252 in: G.J. Brierley et al. (eds.). Landscape and Ecosystem Diversity, Dynamics and Management in the Yellow River Source Zone. Springer Geography. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30475-5_11
^ Walker, K.F.; and H.Z. Yang (1999). Fish and Fisheries if China. Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 10 May 2019.

Taxon identifiers
Platypharodon extremus	Wikidata: Q1041521 BOLD: 503650 CoL: 4JVKL EoL: 587498 FishBase: 14464 GBIF: 2360011 iNaturalist: 613390 IRMNG: 11391311 ITIS: 689676 NCBI: 263519 Open Tree of Life: 777925 WoRMS: 1019571

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