Pluteus americanus

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Pluteus americanus - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pluteus americanus

Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Agaricomycetes
Order:	Agaricales
Family:	Pluteaceae
Genus:	Pluteus
Species:	P. americanus
Binomial name
*Pluteus americanus* (P. Banerjee & Sundb.) Justo, E.F. Malysheva & Minnis (2014)
Synonyms^[1]
Pluteus salicinus var. americanus Banerjee & Sundberg (1993)

Pluteus americanus Mycological characteristics
	Gills on hymenium
	Cap is convex or flat
	Hymenium is free
	Stipe is bare
	Spore print is pink
	Ecology is saprotrophic
	Edibility is psychoactive

Pluteus americanus is a North American and Russian psychedelic mushroom that grows on hardwoods.

Taxonomy

The species was originally collected in Michigan by Alexander H. Smith on September 3, 1957 on Populus. In 1993, Banerjee & Sundberg described it as Pluteus salicinus var. americanus. In 2014 it was elevated to species rank by Alfredo Justo, Ekaterina Malysheva and Drew Minnis.^[1]

Description

Cap: 1 – 6 cm in diameter, at first campanulate to hemispherical, expanding to convex at maturity. It often has a low, broad umbo and a darker squamulose cap center. The margin can be radially fibrillose. The color is brown to grey, often darker towards the center, occasionally staining blue. Dry to somewhat viscid when moist, changing to a lighter color as the cap dries out.
Gills: Crowded, broad, free, at first white, becoming pink in maturity. Sometimes bruising blue.
Stipe: 1.5 — 6.5 long, 0.3 — 0.6 cm thick, more or less equal or slightly swollen at the base, white with grayish-green to bluish-green tones, especially near the base or where damaged. Ring absent.
Taste: Like Pelargonium leaves, occasionally mild.
Odor: Strong, like leaves of Pelargonium. Occasionally mild.
Spores: Pink, smooth, ellipsoid, 6.5 — 9.5 (-11) x 4.5 - 7 (-7.5) μm. Spore print pink-flesh colored to brown-pink.
Microscopic features: Pleurocystidia common, metuloid, fusiform, narrowly fusiform or narrowly utriform with slightly thickened walls 50 — 93 x 12 — 24 (-28) μm; with 2 — 4 horn-like projections. Cheilocystidia 34 - 65 (-70) x 12 - 22 μm, clavate, narrowly clavate or spheropedunculate, hyaline or brown, thin-walled, forming a sterile band. Pileipellis a cutis with cylindrical terminal elements, occasionally narrowing at the apex, hyaline or brown. Clamp connections common.

Habitat and distribution

Pluteus americanus grows solitary or gregarious on the wood of Fraxinus, Acer saccharum, Betula papyrifera and Populus in July through October and is widely distributed across Eastern North America, and may occur in the west. It is also found in the Russian Far East (Primorsky Territory).^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Justo, Alfredo; Malysheva, E.; Vellinga, E. C.; Cobian, G.; Nguyen, N.; Minnis, A. W.; Hibbett, D. S. (2014). "Molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of Holarctic species of Pluteus section Pluteus (Agaricales: Pluteaceae), with description of twelve new species" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 180: 1–85. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.180.1.1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04.

External links

Pluteus americanus photos and original description

Hallucinogenic mushrooms

Psychoactive Amanita mushrooms

Amanita	A. muscaria A. muscaria var. guessowii A. pantherina

Psilocybin mushrooms (list)

Conocybe	C. cyanopus C. kuehneriana C. siligineoides
Galerina	G. steglichii
Gymnopilus	G. aeruginosus G. braendlei G. junonius G. liquiritiae G. luteofolius G. luteoviridis G. luteus G. purpuratus G. sapineus G. validipes G. viridans
Inocybe	I. aeruginascens I. corydalina var. corydalina I. tricolor
Mycena	M. cyanorrhiza M. pura
Panaeolus	P. africanus P. bisporus P. cambodginiensis P. cinctulus P. cyanescens P. fimicola P. olivaceus P. tropicalis
Pholiotina	P. cyanopus P. smithii
Pluteus	P. americanus P. brunneidiscus P. cyanopus P. glaucus P. nigroviridis P. phaeocyanopus P. salicinus P. villosus
Psilocybe	P. allenii P. atlantis P. aucklandiae P. aztecorum P. azurescens P. baeocystis P. banderillensis P. caerulescens var. caerulescens P. caerulipes P. cubensis P. cyanescens P. cyanofibrillosa P. fimetaria P. graveolens P. hispanica P. hoogshagenii P. liniformans var. americana P. makarorae P. meridionalis P. mescaleroensis P. mexicana P. ovoideocystidiata P. pelliculosa P. plutonia P. quebecensis P. samuiensis P. semilanceata P. silvatica P. strictipes P. stuntzii P. subaeruginascens P. subaeruginosa P. tampanensis P. villarrealiae P. weraroa P. zapotecorum

Taxon identifiers
Pluteus americanus	Wikidata: Q20154721 Wikispecies: Pluteus americanus CoL: 4KK2H GBIF: 8322597 iNaturalist: 515583 IndexFungorum: 808736 MycoBank: 808736 NatureServe: 2.1072028 NCBI: 1476758 Open Tree of Life: 5446057 SpeciesFungorum: 808736
Pluteus salicinus var. americanus	Wikidata: Q59563237 GBIF: 5449757 IndexFungorum: 357602 MycoBank: 357602 SpeciesFungorum: 357602

Categories:

Hidden categories:

Taxonomy

Description

Habitat and distribution

See also

References

External links