Ensiklopedia Dunia

Technopedia Center

Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education

Poecilia parae - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Poecilia parae

male and female
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cyprinodontiformes
Family:	Poeciliidae
Genus:	Poecilia
Species:	P. parae
Binomial name
*Poecilia parae* C. H. Eigenmann, 1894
Synonyms^[1]
Micropoecilia parae (Eigenmann, 1894) Poecilia amazonica Garman, 1895 Micropoecilia amazonica (Garman, 1895) Acanthophacelus melanzonus Eigenmann, 1909 Micropoecilia melanzona (Eigenmann, 1909) Poecilia melanzona (Eigenmann, 1909)

Poecilia parae, also known as the melanzona guppy, is a species of fish from the family Poeciliidae which is found in northern South America from Guyana to the mouth of the Amazon River.^[1]

Colour polymorphism

Poecilia parae are known to have a number of colour morphs in the males, at least five distinct morphs are known, while there is a single female colour form. The colour of the male is linked to the Y-chromosome. Some of the morphs are always abundant in the wild, and others are invariably rare leading to the conclusion that the colour of the males has implications for their fitness. Laboratory work has shown that the most frequent morph is also the most reproductively successful morph. However, when the females were given the choice between two different males they preferred the rare morph males over the common morph males. This suggests that there are alternative male mating strategies involved such as sperm competition and overt male-male competition, among other possible factors, which override the preferences of the female fishes.^[2]

Habitat and biology

Poecilia parae is found in estuaries in areas of both fresh and brackish water. It inhabits small swamps and shallow, slow-flowing creeks located inland with very fresh water. It is also found along riverine vegetation where there is clear water and a bed of mixed sand and mud. They are an ovoviviparous species and the females give birth to 5 to 15 live young after a gestation period of 24 days.^[1]

Species description and taxonomy

Poecilia parae was described by Carl H. Eigenmann in 1894 as a subspecies of P. vivipara, Poecilia vivipara parae, with the type locality given as "Ditches of Rua das Mongubas of Pará, Brazil".^[3] Carl Leavitt Hubbs used this species as the type species of the subgenus Micropoecilia,^[4] which Fishbase recognises as a genus but does not include this species in it.^[5] Other workers support the monophyly of the genus Poecilia sensu lato with a number of subgenera, including Micropoecilia with P. (Micropoecilia) parae as the type species.^[6] Eigenmann used the specific name parae in reference to the Brazilian state of Pará, where the type was collected.^[7]

Aquaria

Poecilia parae, especially the form melanozona, is a popular fish in the aquarium trade.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Poecilia parae". FishBase. August 2019 version.
^ Lindholm, Anna; Brooks, Robert; Breden, Felix (2004). "Extreme polymorphism in a Y-linked sexually selected trait". Heredity. 92 (3): 156–62. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800386. PMID 14735138.
^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Poecilia vivipara parae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Poeciliidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). Micropoecilia "Species in genus 'Micropoecilia'". FishBase. August 2019 version.
^ Robert W. Meredith; Marcelo N. Pires; David N. Reznick; Mark S. Springer (2010). "Molecular Phylogenetic Relationshipsand the evolution of the placenta in Poecilia (Micropoecilia) (Poeciliidae:Cyprinodontiformes)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 55 (2): 631–639. Bibcode:2010MolPE..55..631M. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.11.006. PMID 19922806.
^ Christopher Scharpf; Kenneth J. Lazara (26 October 2019). "Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES: Families POECILIIDAE, ANABLEPIDAE, VALENCIIDAE, APHANIIDAE and PROCATOPODIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
^ "Molly's the word!". Practical Fishkeeping. 13 June 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2019.

Taxon identifiers
Poecilia parae	Wikidata: Q2438192 Wikispecies: Poecilia parae BOLD: 759167 CoL: 6VSTP EoL: 214195 FishBase: 47226 GBIF: 5203911 iNaturalist: 619539 IRMNG: 10134187 ITIS: 646918 NCBI: 69231 OBIS: 307990 Open Tree of Life: 149149 WoRMS: 307990

Categories:

Hidden categories: