Politics of Chongqing

Politics of Chongqing
Politics of Chongqing
	Location of Chongqing
Simplified Chinese	重庆模式
Traditional Chinese	重慶模式
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Chóngqìng móshì

The politics of Chongqing is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in the People's Republic of China (PRC).

The mayor of Chongqing is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Chongqing. As since 1997 Chongqing has been a centrally administered municipality, the mayor occupies the same level in the order of precedence as provincial governors. However, in the city's dual party-government governing system, the mayor has less power than the Chongqing Chinese Communist Party Municipal Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Chongqing CCP Party Chief".

Since 1997, the Chongqing Municipal People's Congress has governed Chongqing.^[1] Chongqing was previously also governed by a municipal government between 1939 and 1954, but in 1929–1939 and 1954–1997, when Chongqing was a sub-provincial city rather than a centrally administered municipality, it was governed by the Chongqing City Government.^{[citation needed]}

Chongqing model

The "Chongqing model" was a series of social and economic policies adopted in the Chinese megalopolis of Chongqing. It is most closely associated with Bo Xilai, who served as the city's Communist Party secretary from 2007 to 2012, though some policies were put in place by Bo's predecessors.

The Chongqing model was characterized in part by increased state control and the promotion of a neo-leftist ideology. It involved a sweeping and sometimes extrajudicial campaign against organized crime, and increased the security and police presence in the city. As a means of addressing declining public morality, Bo launched a "red culture" movement to promote Maoist-era socialist ethics. On the economic front, he actively courted foreign investment and focused on manufacturing for domestic consumption. The Chongqing model was also characterized by massive public works programs, subsidized housing for the poor, and social policies intended to make it easier for rural citizens to move to the city.

The Chongqing model represented an alternative model of development which diverged from the policies favored by the reformist faction led by Party general secretary Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao, as well as the model put by the Guangdong CCP committee secretary Wang Yang. When Bo Xilai was removed from his posts in the spring of 2012, authorities began a campaign to reverse several of the policies that characterized the Chongqing model, including by cracking down on expressions of "red culture". Individuals, who believed they had been wrongly persecuted under the anti-corruption campaign, also began seeking legal redress.

List of the CCP Chongqing committee secretaries

No.	Name	Term start	Term end	Ref.
1	Chen Xilian (陈锡联) (1915–1999)	1949	1950	^[2]^[3]^[4]
2	Zhang Linzhi (张霖之) (1908–1967)	1950	1952	^[5]^[4]
3	Cao Diqiu (曹荻秋) (1909–1976)	1952	1954	^[4]
4	Yan Hongyan (阎红彦) (1909–1967)	1956	1959	^[4]
5	Ren Baige (任白戈) (1906–1986)	1959	1967	^[4]
6	Lan Yinong (蓝亦农) (1919–2008)	1967	1968	^[6]
7	Duan Siying (段思英) (1917–2007)	1968	1969	^[6]
8	He Yunfeng (何云峰) (1922–2013)	1969	1973	^[6]
9	Lu Dadong (鲁大东) (1915–1998)	1973	1977	^[6]
10	Qian Min (钱敏) (1915–2016)	1977	1978	^[7]
11	Ding Changhe (丁长河) (born 1934)	1978	1980	^[8]
12	Yu Hanqing (于汉卿) (1929–2011)	1980	1985	^[9]
13	Liao Bokang (廖伯康) (born 1924)	1985	1988	^[10]
14	Xiao Yang (肖秧) (1929–1998)	1988	1993	^[10]
15	Sun Tongchuan (孙同川) (born 1940)	1993	1995	^[11]^[10]
16	Zhang Delin (张德邻) (born 1939)	October 1995	June 1999	^[12]^[10]
17	He Guoqiang (贺国强) (born 1943)	June 1999	October 2002	^[13]
18	Huang Zhendong (黄镇东) (born 1941)	October 2002	December 2005	^[14]^[15]
19	Wang Yang (汪洋) (born 1955)	24 December 2005	30 November 2007	^[14]^[15]
20	Bo Xilai (薄熙来) (born 1949)	30 November 2007	15 March 2012	^[16]
21	Zhang Dejiang (张德江) (born 1946)	15 March 2012	20 November 2012	^[17]
22	Sun Zhengcai (孙政才) (born 1963)	20 November 2012	14 July 2017	^[18]
23	Chen Min'er (陈敏尔) (born 1960)	15 July 2017	8 December 2022	^[19]
24	Yuan Jiajun (袁家军) (born 1962)	8 December 2022	Incumbent	^[20]

List of mayors of Chongqing

No.	Officeholder		Term of office		Political party	Ref.
No.	Officeholder		Took office	Left office	Political party	Ref.
Director of the People's Liberation Army Military Control Commission of Chongqing Municipality
1		Zhang Jichun (1900–1968)	3 December 1949	?	Chinese Communist Party
Mayor of the Chongqing Municipal People's Government
1		Chen Xilian (1915–1995)	2 December 1949	September 1950	Chinese Communist Party	^[21]
2		Cao Diqiu (1909–1976)	December 1951	19 June 1954	Chinese Communist Party	^[21]
Mayor of the Chongqing Municipal People's Government (province-level city of Sichuan)
(2)		Cao Diqiu (1909–1976)	19 June 1954	January 1955	Chinese Communist Party	^[21]
3		Ren Baige (1906–1986)	January 1955	July 1966	Chinese Communist Party	^[21]
Director of the Chongqing Revolutionary Committee
4		Lan Yinong (1919–2008)	May 1968	December 1968	Chinese Communist Party	^[21]
5		Duan Siying (1917–2007)	December 1968	1969		^[21]
6		He Yunfeng (1922–2013)	1969	December 1973		^[21]
7		Lu Dadong (1915–1998)	December 1973	1978		^[21]
8		Qian Min (1915–2016)	May 1978	August 1978		^[21]
9		Ding Changhe (born 1934)	1978	March 1980		^[21]
Mayor of the Chongqing Municipal People's Government (province-level city of Sichuan)
10		Yu Hanqing (1929–2011)	March 1980	May 1985	Chinese Communist Party	^[21]
11		Xiao Yang (1929–1998)	May 1985	August 1988		^[21]
12		Sun Tongchuan (born 1940)	August 1988	April 1993		^[21]
13		Liu Zhizhong (born 1942)	May 1993	September 1996		^[21]
–		Pu Haiqing (born 1941)	September 1996	June 1999		^[21]
Mayor of the Chongqing Municipal People's Government
14		Pu Haiqing (born 1941)	19 June 1997	June 1999	Chinese Communist Party	^[21]
15		Bao Xuding (born 1939)	June 1999	October 2002		^[21]
16		Wang Hongju (born 1945)	January 2003 (acting from October 2002)	November 2009		^[21]
17		Huang Qifan (born 1952)	30 November 2009	30 December 2016
18		Zhang Guoqing (born 1964)	30 December 2016	2 January 2018		^[22]
19		Tang Liangzhi (born 1960)	2 January 2018	30 December 2021		^[23]
20		Hu Henghua (born 1963)	30 December 2021	Incumbent		^[24]

List of chairmen of Chongqing People's Congress

Wang Yunlong (王云龙): 1997–2002
Huang Zhendong (黄镇东): 2003–2005
Wang Yang (汪洋): 2006–2008
Chen Guangguo (陈光国): 2008–2011
Chen Cungen (陈存根): 2011–2012
Zhang Xuan (张轩): 2012–present

List of chairmen of CPPCC Chongqing Committee

Zhang Wenbin (张文彬): 1997–2003
Liu Zhizhong (刘志忠): 2003–2008
Xing Yuanmin (邢元敏): 2008–2013
Xu Jingye (徐敬业): 2013–2017
Xu Songnan (徐松南): 2017–2018
Wang Jiong (王炯): 2018–2023
Tang Fangyu (唐方裕): 2023–present

List of chairmen of Chongqing Supervisory Commission

Chen Yong (陈雍): January 2018–October 2018
Mu Hongyu (穆红玉): January 2019–December 2021
Song Yijia (宋依佳): March 2022–present

References

^ "Chongqing Municipal Government". Archived from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
^ 《重庆市人民代表大会志》编纂委员会 (1994). 重庆市人民代表大会志 (in Chinese). 该会. p. 63. Retrieved 2025-01-20.
^ 重庆市地方志编纂委员会 (1987). 重庆年鉴 (in Chinese). 科学技朮文献出版社重庆分社. p. 18. Retrieved 2025-01-20.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e 重庆市地方志编纂委员会. 总编辑室. 重庆市志: 中国共产党志, 群众团体志, 民主党派志 (in Chinese). 四川大学出版社. p. 17. Retrieved 2025-01-20.
^ 张霖之纪念文集 (in Chinese). 煤炭工业出版社. 1992. p. 205. ISBN 978-7-5020-0647-1. Retrieved 2025-01-20.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d 重庆市地方志编纂委员会. 总编辑室 (1992). 重庆市志 (in Chinese). 四川大学出版社. p. 414. Retrieved 2025-01-20.
^ 重庆市地方志编纂委员会. 总编辑室 (1992). 重庆名人辞典 (in Chinese). 四川大学出版社. p. 6. ISBN 978-7-5614-0547-5. Retrieved 2025-01-20.
^ 《重庆市人民代表大会志》编纂委员会 (1994). 重庆市人民代表大会志 (in Chinese). 该会. p. 197. Retrieved 2025-01-20.
^ 重庆市地方志编纂委员会. 总编辑室 (1992). 重庆名人辞典 (in Chinese). 四川大学出版社. p. 140. ISBN 978-7-5614-0547-5. Retrieved 2025-01-20.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d 《重庆百科全书》编纂委员会 (1999). 重庆百科全书 (in Chinese). 重庆出版社. p. 123. ISBN 978-7-5366-4349-9. Retrieved 2025-01-20.
^ 重庆市地方志编纂委员会 (2005). 重庆市志 (in Chinese). 西南师范大学出版社. p. 137. ISBN 978-7-5621-3491-6. Retrieved 2025-01-20.
^ "重庆党史上三次提出建设"新重庆"奋斗目标". 重庆人大网 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2025-01-20.
^ "地方人事变动：贺国强续任中共重庆市委书记". China News Service (in Chinese). 2002-05-30. Archived from the original on 2010-01-19. Retrieved 2025-01-20.
^ ^a ^b 财经 (in Chinese). Cai jing za zhi she. p. 10. Retrieved 2025-01-20.
^ ^a ^b 南方人物周刊 (in Chinese). Southern Weekly报社. 2006. p. 16. Retrieved 2025-01-20.
^ 多维独家报导：薄熙来一度行踪成谜，又定29日到重庆 [Bo Xilai's path to Chongqing a mystery, arriving in Chongqing on the 29th]. Duowei (in Simplified Chinese). 29 November 2007. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
^ Lau, Mimi (16 March 2012). "Zhang on the ascent as he takes Chongqing post". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
^ "Curse of Chongqing? Probe into Sun Zhengcai evokes memories of Bo Xilai's dramatic fall". South China Morning Post. 18 July 2017. Archived from the original on 18 July 2017.
^ "孙政才不再兼任重庆市委书记陈敏尔担任". news.sina.com (in Chinese). 15 July 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-07-15.
^ 重庆市委主要负责同志职务调整. Xinhua. 2022-12-09. Archived from the original on 2022-12-08. Retrieved 2022-12-09.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r "25 Mayors of Chongqing" (in Chinese). People's Daily Online. 6 September 2007. Archived from the original on April 15, 2011.
^ "Chongqing mayor who survived China's biggest political storm of modern times resigns". South China Morning Post. 30 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
^ 唐良智任重庆市代理市长. thepaper.cn (in Chinese). 2018-01-02. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
^ Zhu Jiabei (祝加贝) (30 December 2021). 胡衡华任重庆市代市长. sina (in Chinese). Retrieved 30 December 2021.

[1] "Chongqing Municipal Government". Archived from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2014.

[Party_Secretary_of_Chongqing_i783-2] 《重庆市人民代表大会志》编纂委员会 (1994). 重庆市人民代表大会志 (in Chinese). 该会. p. 63. Retrieved 2025-01-20.

[Party_Secretary_of_Chongqing_p449-3] 重庆市地方志编纂委员会 (1987). 重庆年鉴 (in Chinese). 科学技朮文献出版社重庆分社. p. 18. Retrieved 2025-01-20.

[Party_Secretary_of_Chongqing_v870-4] 重庆市地方志编纂委员会. 总编辑室. 重庆市志: 中国共产党志, 群众团体志, 民主党派志 (in Chinese). 四川大学出版社. p. 17. Retrieved 2025-01-20.

[Party_Secretary_of_Chongqing_d341-5] 张霖之纪念文集 (in Chinese). 煤炭工业出版社. 1992. p. 205. ISBN 978-7-5020-0647-1. Retrieved 2025-01-20.

[Party_Secretary_of_Chongqing_r554-6] 重庆市地方志编纂委员会. 总编辑室 (1992). 重庆市志 (in Chinese). 四川大学出版社. p. 414. Retrieved 2025-01-20.

[Party_Secretary_of_Chongqing_q662-7] 重庆市地方志编纂委员会. 总编辑室 (1992). 重庆名人辞典 (in Chinese). 四川大学出版社. p. 6. ISBN 978-7-5614-0547-5. Retrieved 2025-01-20.

[8] 《重庆市人民代表大会志》编纂委员会 (1994). 重庆市人民代表大会志 (in Chinese). 该会. p. 197. Retrieved 2025-01-20.

[9] 重庆市地方志编纂委员会. 总编辑室 (1992). 重庆名人辞典 (in Chinese). 四川大学出版社. p. 140. ISBN 978-7-5614-0547-5. Retrieved 2025-01-20.

[Party_Secretary_of_Chongqing_o469-10] 《重庆百科全书》编纂委员会 (1999). 重庆百科全书 (in Chinese). 重庆出版社. p. 123. ISBN 978-7-5366-4349-9. Retrieved 2025-01-20.

[Party_Secretary_of_Chongqing_e999-11] 重庆市地方志编纂委员会 (2005). 重庆市志 (in Chinese). 西南师范大学出版社. p. 137. ISBN 978-7-5621-3491-6. Retrieved 2025-01-20.

[Party_Secretary_of_Chongqing_i611-12] "重庆党史上三次提出建设"新重庆"奋斗目标". 重庆人大网 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2025-01-20.

[Party_Secretary_of_Chongqing_j131-13] "地方人事变动：贺国强续任中共重庆市委书记". China News Service (in Chinese). 2002-05-30. Archived from the original on 2010-01-19. Retrieved 2025-01-20.

[Party_Secretary_of_Chongqing_y811-14] 财经 (in Chinese). Cai jing za zhi she. p. 10. Retrieved 2025-01-20.

[Party_Secretary_of_Chongqing_n301-15] 南方人物周刊 (in Chinese). Southern Weekly报社. 2006. p. 16. Retrieved 2025-01-20.

[Party_Secretary_of_Chongqing_dw7-16] 多维独家报导：薄熙来一度行踪成谜，又定29日到重庆 [Bo Xilai's path to Chongqing a mystery, arriving in Chongqing on the 29th]. Duowei (in Simplified Chinese). 29 November 2007. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.

[Party_Secretary_of_Chongqing_SCMP2-17] Lau, Mimi (16 March 2012). "Zhang on the ascent as he takes Chongqing post". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2023.

[Party_Secretary_of_Chongqing_scmpsun-18] "Curse of Chongqing? Probe into Sun Zhengcai evokes memories of Bo Xilai's dramatic fall". South China Morning Post. 18 July 2017. Archived from the original on 18 July 2017.

[19] "孙政才不再兼任重庆市委书记陈敏尔担任". news.sina.com (in Chinese). 15 July 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-07-15.

[20] 重庆市委主要负责同志职务调整. Xinhua. 2022-12-09. Archived from the original on 2022-12-08. Retrieved 2022-12-09.

[Mayor_of_Chongqing_:0-21] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r "25 Mayors of Chongqing" (in Chinese). People's Daily Online. 6 September 2007. Archived from the original on April 15, 2011.

[22] "Chongqing mayor who survived China's biggest political storm of modern times resigns". South China Morning Post. 30 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.

[23] 唐良智任重庆市代理市长. thepaper.cn (in Chinese). 2018-01-02. Retrieved 2018-01-02.

[Mayor_of_Chongqing_:1-24] Zhu Jiabei (祝加贝) (30 December 2021). 胡衡华任重庆市代市长. sina (in Chinese). Retrieved 30 December 2021.

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v t e Municipality of Chongqing
History Politics Economy
Districts	Wanzhou Fuling Yuzhong Dadukou Shapingba Jiulongpo Nan'an Beibei Qijiang Dazu Banan Qianjiang Changshou Jiangjin Hechuan Yongchuan Nanchuan Bishan Tongliang Tongnan Rongchang Kaizhou Liangping Wulong Liangjiang
Counties	Chengkou Fengdu Dianjiang Zhong Yunyang Fengjie Wushan Wuxi
Autonomous counties	Shizhu Xiushan Youyang Pengshui
Defunct divisions	Shizhong Jiangbei Wansheng Shuangqiao Yubei
Attractions	Baiheliang Underwater Museum Ciqikou Dazu Rock Carvings Diaoyu Fortress Fengdu Ghost City Foreigners' Street Furong Cave People's Auditorium Red Rock Village Museum Science and Technology Museum Snowy Jade Cave Stilwell Museum Three Gorges Museum Three Natural Bridges Wulong Karst Zoo Twelve Views of Chongqing
Sports venues	Chongqing Olympic Sports Center Yanghe Stadium Datianwan Stadium Fuling Stadium Yongchuan Sports Center
Higher education	Chongqing Southwest Technology Jiaotong Normal Technology and Business Three Gorges Posts and Telecommunications Yangtze Normal Sichuan Fine Arts Sichuan International Studies Southwest Political Science and Law Army Medical Medical Science and Technology Telecommunication
Culture & demographics	Ba Sichuanese dialects Sichuan cuisine
Transport	Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport Chongqing Metro China National Highway 210 China National Highway 212 Qianjiang Wulingshan Airport Wanzhou Wuqiao Airport Chengdu–Chongqing intercity railway Chengdu–Chongqing railway Second Chengdu–Chongqing high-speed railway
Economy	Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle
See also: List of Township-level divisions of Chongqing

v t e Political leaders of Chongqing since 1949
Party committee secretaries (Party committee)	Chen Xilian Zhang Linzhi Cao Diqiu Yan Hongyan Ren Baige Lan Yinong Duan Siying He Yunfeng Lu Dadong Qian Min Ding Changhe Wang Qian Liao Bokang Xiao Yang Sun Tongchuan Zhang Delin* He Guoqiang Huang Zhendong Wang Yang Bo Xilai Zhang Dejiang Sun Zhengcai Chen Min'er Yuan Jiajun
Congress chairpersons	Wang Yunlong Huang Zhendong Chen Guangguo Zhang Xuan Wang Jiong
Mayors (Municipal Government)	Chen Xilian Cao Diqiu Ren Baige Lan Yinong Duan Siying He Yunfeng Lu Dadong Qian Min Ding Changhe Yu Hanqing Xiao Yang Sun Tongchuan Liu Zhizhong Pu Haiqing Bao Xuding* Wang Hongju Huang Qifan Zhang Guoqing Tang Liangzhi Hu Henghua
Conference chairpersons	Zhang Wenbin Liu Zhizhong Xing Yuanmin Xu Jingye Xu Songnan Wang Jiong Tang Fangyu Cheng Lihua ♀
Supervisory directors	Chen Yong Mu Hongyu Song Yijia
* First office-holder after Chongqing became a direct-controlled municipality; ♀ female

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