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Cluster fly

Male Pollenia sp.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Subsection:	Calyptratae
Superfamily:	Oestroidea
Family:	Polleniidae
Genus:	Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830^[1]
Type species
Musca rudis^[2] Fabricius, 1794^[3]
Synonyms
Nitellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830^[1] Cephysa Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863^[4] Orizia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863^[4] Sepimentum Hutton, 1901^[5] Huttonophasia Curran, 1927^[6] Chaetopollenia Enderlein, 1936^[7] Micronitellia Enderlein, 1936^[7] Trichopollenia Enderlein, 1936^[7] Buresiella Jacentkovský, 1941^[8] Bureschiella Jacentkovský, 1941 (Emend.)^[8] Chaetopollenia Jacentkovský, 1941 (Unav.)^[8] Dasypollenia Jacentkovský, 1941 (Unav.)^[9] Polleniella Jacentkovský, 1941 (Unav.)^[8] Polleniomyia Jacentkovský, 1941 (Unav.)^[8] Pseudopollenia Jacentkovský, 1941^[8] Dasypollenia Jacentkovský, 1942 (Unav.)^[10] Polleniella Jacentkovsky, 1942^[10] Polleniomyia Jacentkovský, 1942^[10] Polleniomyma Jacentkovský, 1944^[11] Eupollenia Lehrer, 1963^[12] Jacentkovskyiomyia Lehrer, 1963^[12] Mariomyia Lehrer, 1963^[12] Parapollenia Lehrer, 1963^[12] Rohdendorfiomyia Lehrer, 1963^[12] Sachtlebeniola Lehrer, 1963 (Unav.)^[12] Seguyiomyia Lehrer, 1963^[12] Zumptiomyia Lehrer, 1963^[12] Dasypollenia Lehrer, 1967

Cluster flies (a.k.a. grass flies or attic flies) are flies of the genus Pollenia in the family Polleniidae. Unlike the more familiar blow flies, such as the bluebottle genus Phormia they do not lay eggs in human food. They parasitise earthworms; the females lay their eggs near earthworm burrows, and the larvae then feed on the worms. But the biology of this group is relatively poorly known and a few have been recorded from other hosts including caterpillars and bees.^[13]

Cluster flies seek refuge in cold weather and find their way into attic spaces and similar areas indoors. They often emerge on warm days, and cluster at windows attempting to exit (hence the name).^[14]

Pollenia sp. on leaves in a forest

The typical grass fly Pollenia rudis is about 7 mm long and can be recognised by distinct lines or stripes behind the head, short golden-coloured hairs on the thorax, and irregular light and dark grey areas on the abdomen. Cluster flies are typically slow-moving.

Cluster flies have a widespread distribution. Eight species are found in Britain and 31 in Europe. Pollenia species are also numerous in Australia and New Zealand (over 30 species); they are common in North America. P. rudis has spread widely in association with humans.^[15]

Species

P. advena Dear, 1986^[16]
P. aerosa Dear, 1986^[16]
P. agneteae Rognes, 2019^[17]
P. alajensis Rohdendorf, 1926^[18]
P. amentaria (Scopoli, 1763)^[19]
P. angustigena Wainwright, 1940^[20]
P. antipodea Dear, 1986^[16]
P. astrictifrons Dear, 1986^[16]
P. atramentaria (Meigen, 1826)^[21]
P. atricoma Dear, 1986^[16]
P. atrifemur Malloch, 1930^[22]
P. bartaki Rognes, 2016^[23]
P. bezziana Rognes, 1992^[24]
P. bicolor Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830^[1]
P. bulgarica Jacentkovsky, 1939^[25]
P. calamisessa Hardy, 1932^[26]
P. chotei Kurahashi & Tumrasvin, 1979^[27]
P. commensurata Dear, 1986^[16]
P. consanguinea Dear, 1986^[16]
P. consectata Dear, 1986^[16]
P. contempta Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863^[4]
P. cuprea Malloch, 1930^[22]
P. dasypoda Portschinsky, 1881^[28]
P. demissa (Hutton, 1901)^[5]
P. dysaethria Dear, 1986^[16]
P. dyscheres Dear, 1986^[16]
P. dysethria Dear, 1986^[16]
P. enetera Dear, 1986^[16]
P. erlangshanna Feng, 2004^[29]
P. eurybregma Dear, 1986^[16]
P. flindersi Hardy, 1932^[26]
P. fulviantenna Dear, 1986^[16]
P. fulvipalpis Macquart 1835^[30]
P. fumosa (Hutton, 1901)^[5]
P. griseotomentosa (Jacentkovsky 1944)^[11]
P. grunini Rognes, 1988^[31]
P. haeretica Séguy, 1928^[32]
P. hazarae (Senior-White, 1923)^[33]
P. hirticeps Malloch, 1927^[34]
P. hispida Dear, 1986^[16]
P. huangshanensis Fan & Chen, 1997^[35]
P. hungarica Rognes, 1987^[36]
P. ibalia Séguy, 1930^[37]
P. immanis Dear, 1986^[16]
P. insularis Dear, 1986^[16]
P. japonica Kano & Shinonaga, 1966^[38]
P. labialis Robineau-Desvoidy 1863^[4]
P. lativertex Dear, 1986^[16]
P. leclercqiana (Lehrer 1978)^[39]
P. limpida Dear, 1986^[16]
P. luteovillosa Rognes 1987^[36]
P. margarita Schluesslmayr & Sivell, 2021^[40]
P. mayeri Jacentkovsky 1941^[9]
P. mediterranea Grunin 1966^[41]
P. mesopotamica Mawlood & Abdul-Rassoul, 2009^[42]
P. moravica (Jacentkovský, 1941)^[8]
P. moretonensis Macquart, 1855^[43]
P. mystica Rognes, 1988^[31]
P. nigripalpis Dear, 1986^[16]
P. nigripes Malloch, 1930^[22]
P. nigrisquama Malloch, 1930^[22]
P. nigrita Malloch, 1936^[44]
P. notialis Dear, 1986^[16]
P. opalina Dear, 1986^[16]
P. oreia Dear, 1986^[16]
P. paragrunini Rognes, 1988^[31]
P. paupera Rondani, 1862^[45]
P. pectinata Grunin, 1966^[41]
P. pediculata Macquart 1834^[46]
P. pernix (Hutton, 1901)^[5]
P. ponti Rognes, 1991^[47]
P. primaeva Dear, 1986^[16]
P. pseudintermedia Rognes, 1987^[48]
P. pseudomelanurus (Feng, 2004)^[29]
P. pulverea Dear, 1986^[16]
P. rudis (Fabricius, 1794)^[3]
P. ruficrura Rondani, 1862^[45]
P. rufifemorata Rognes & Baz, 2008^[49]
P. sakulasi (Kurahashi, 1987)^[50]
P. sandaraca Dear, 1986^[16]
P. scalena Dear, 1986^[16]
P. semicinerea Villeneuve, 1911^[51]
P. shaanxiensis Fan & Wu, 1997^[35]
P. sichuanensis Feng, 2004^[29]
P. similis (Jacentkovsky, 1941)^[8]
P. stigi Rognes, 1992^[24]
P. stolida Malloch, 1936^[44]
P. tenuiforceps Séguy, 1928^[32]
P. townsendi Senior-White, Aubertin & Smart, 1940^[52]
P. umbrifera (Walker, 1861)^[53]
P. uniseta Dear, 1986^[16]
P. vagabunda (Meigen 1826)^[21]
P. venturii Zumpt, 1956^[54]
P. vera Jacentkovsky, 1936^[55]
P. verneri Rognes, 1992^[24]
P. viatica Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830^[1]^[56]
P. viridiventris Macquart, 1847^[57]

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (February 2011)

References

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^ Sabrosky, Curtis W. (1999). "Family-Group Names in Diptera An annotated catalog" (PDF). Myia. 10. Leidan: Backhuys Publishers. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
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^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Robineau-Desvoidy, Jean-Baptiste (1863). Histoire naturelle des dipteres des environs de Paris (PDF). Vol. Tome second. Masson et Fils, Paris. pp. 1–920. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hutton, Frederick Wollaston (1901). "Synopsis of the Diptera Brachycera of New Zealand". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 33: 1–95. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
^ Curran, C.H. (1927). "Some new Australasian and African Diptera of the families Muscidae and Tachinidae (Dipt.)". Entomologische Mitteilungen. 16: 345–357.
^ ^a ^b ^c Enderlein, G (1936). "Ordnung: Zweiflügler, Diptera. In: Brohmer P, Ehrmann P, Ulmer G (Eds)". Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas. Insekten, Teil II. 6 (22): 1–259.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Jacentkovsky, Dimitrij (1941). "Kuklice (Tachinoidea, Diptera) Moravy a Slezska". Acta Societatis Scientiarum Naturalium Moravicae. 13: 1–64. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
^ ^a ^b Jacentkovský, D. (1941). "Pollenia mayeri n. sp. Calliphoridae, Tachinoidea) nová kuklice z Moravy [Pollenia mayeri n. sp. (Calliphoridae, Tachinoidea) eine neue Raupenflige aus Mähren". Entomologické listy (in Czech). 4: 14–16.
^ ^a ^b ^c Jacentkovský, D (1942). "Beitrag zur Kenntnis der gattung Pollenia R.D. (Calliphoridae, Tachinoidae, Diptera)". Rozpravy Vedecké Spolecnosti Badatelské pri Ruské Svobodné Universite v Praze. 11 (16) (84): 193–225.
^ ^a ^b Jacentkovský, D (1944). "Další příspěvek k zvířeně kuklkic (Tachinoidea, Dipt.) Moravy [Weiterer Beitrag zur Fauna der Raupenfliegen (Tachinoidea, Dipt.) Mährens]". Entomologické listy (in Czech). 7: 45–49.
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^ Jewiss-Gaines, A. et al. Cluster Flies (Calliphoridae: Polleniinae: Pollenia) of North America
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^ Wainwright, C.J. (1940). "The British Tachinidae (Diptera): Second supplement". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 90 (14): 411–448. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1940.tb01028.x.
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^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Malloch, J. R . (1930). "The calyptrate Diptera of New Zealand. Part III. Family Calliphoridae". Records of the Canterbury Museum. 3: 313–324.
^ Rognes, Knut (2016). "A new species of Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 from Jordan (Diptera, Calliphoridae, Polleniinae)". Zootaxa. 4067 (5): 569–576. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4067.5.3. hdl:11250/2498292. PMID 27395896. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Rognes, Knut (1992). "Revision of the cluster-flies of the Pollenia vagabunda species-group (Diptera, Calliphoridae)". Entomologica Scandinavica. 23: 95–114. doi:10.1163/187631292X00056.
^ Jacentkovský, D. (1939). "Über einige interessante Sarcophagiden (Tachinariae, Diptera) aus Bulgarien". Izvestiia Na Tsarskitia Prirodonauchni Instituti V Sofiia. 12: 188–192.
^ ^a ^b Hardy, G.H. (1932). "Two new Australian species of Pollenia". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 57: 388–340.
^ Kurahashi, H.; Tumrasvin, W. (1979). "Six new species of calliphorid flies from Thailand (Diptera: Calliphoridae)". Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology. 30 (4): 297–304. doi:10.7601/mez.30.297.
^ Portschinsky, J.A. (1881). "Diptera europaea et asiatica nova aut minus cognita". Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, Variis Sermonibus in Rossia Usitatis Editae. 16: 136–145. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Feng, Y. (2004). "Five new species of the tribe Polleniini from Sichuan, China (Diptera, Calliphoridae, Calliphorinae)". Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica. 29: 803–808.
^ Macquart, P.J.M. (1835). Histoire Naturelle des insectes. Diptères. Tome deuxieme. Paris: Roret. pp. 703 or 710 pp., 12 pls. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Rognes, K. (1988). "The taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the Pollenia semicinerea species-group (Diptera: Calliphoridae)". Systematic Entomology. 13 (3): 315–345. Bibcode:1988SysEn..13..315R. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1988.tb00245.x. S2CID 85674738.
^ ^a ^b Séguy, E. (1928). "Étude sur le Pollenia Hasei". Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie. 14 (2): 369–375. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1929.tb00082.x.
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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pollenia.

Images of some cluster fly species: Pollenia amentaria Scopoli ; Pollenia angustigena Wainwright and Pollenia rudisFabricius.
European including Russia species

Taxon identifiers

Pollenia

Wikidata: Q5136702
Wikispecies: Pollenia
AFD: Pollenia
BOLD: 265809
BugGuide: 11826
CoL: 8YQM3
EoL: 55233
EPPO: 1POLLG
Fauna Europaea (new): 81349101-db31-4c85-a61e-2357b8d80fd9
GBIF: 1503548
iNaturalist: 133825
IRMNG: 1296172
ITIS: 151642
NBN: NBNSYS0000136783
NCBI: 229639
NZOR: c84aecd3-0457-4173-86f9-6a18419d55b1
Open Tree of Life: 898041
Plazi: 6758CE0B-4E47-9935-FF20-FC01CBAEDC6C
WoRMS: 987200

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