| Porsche flat-6 engine | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Porsche |
| Production | 1963–present |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | Flat-6 |
| Displacement | 2.0–4.2 L (122–256 cu in)[1] |
| Cylinder bore | 80–102.7 mm (3.1–4.0 in)[2][3] |
| Piston stroke | 66–80.4 mm (2.6–3.2 in)[4][5] |
| Valvetrain | 12-valve or 24-valve, SOHC/DOHC, two-valves per cylinder or four-valves per cylinder[6] |
| Combustion | |
| Turbocharger | Yes (some models) |
| Fuel system | Mechanical fuel injection Carburetor Direct fuel injection |
| Fuel type | Gasoline |
| Oil system | Dry sump |
| Cooling system | Air-cooled[7] Water-cooled |
| Output | |
| Power output | 110–850 hp (82–634 kW) |
| Torque output | 119–730 lb⋅ft (161–990 N⋅m) |
| Dimensions | |
| Dry weight | 387–507 lb (176–230 kg) |
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The Porsche flat-six engine series is a line of mechanically similar flat-six boxer engines, produced by Porsche for over 60 consecutive years, since introduced in the 1963[8][9] rear-engine Porsche 911, and as mid-rear mounted racing engine in the 1966 Porsche 906 Carrera 6, each with 2000cc.
All Porsche F6 boxer engines, naturally aspirated or turbocharged, remained air-cooled with additional oil cooling until in the late 1970s some turbo-charged endurance racing engines were constructed partly or completely water-cooled to be mainly used in the Porsche 956/962C sportscar racers in the 1980s. Related designs are still in use in the high-performance GT3/GT2 range. The regular 911 models used the air-cooled F6 until the 1990s Porsche 993, and starting with the Porsche 996 are fitted with a simpler and cheaper range of water-cooled engines less suited for racing.[10][11][12][13]
The F6 engine is an evolution of the air-cooled flat-four Boxer engine designs by Ferdinand Porsche used in the original 1930 Volkswagen Beetle[14][15][16] and continued by Porsche in the Porsche 356 into the 1960s.
The flat-six engine is most often associated with their 911 model, Porsche's flagship rear-engined sports car which has used flat-six engines exclusively since 1963,[17] as the 911-bodies sold with the outgoing 356 F4 engine were called Porsche 912.
In April 2011, Porsche announced the third generation of the 997 GT3 RS with an enlarged 4.0-litre engine having a power output of 500 PS (368 kW; 493 hp). The naturally-aspirated 4.0-litre flat-six engine (the largest engine displacement offered in a street-legal 911) was introduced with their 2011 911 (997) GT3 RS 4.0, in 2011.[18] The engine itself uses the crankshaft from the RSR with increased stroke dimensions (from 76.4 mm to 80.4 mm). This change increased the power output to 500 PS (368 kW; 493 hp) at 8,250 rpm and 460 N⋅m (339 lbf⋅ft) of torque at 5,750 rpm.[19] giving it a power-to-weight ratio of 365 hp per ton. Only 600 cars were built.[18][20] At 493 hp (368 kW),[21] the engine is one of the most powerful six-cylinder naturally aspirated engines in any production car with a 123.25 hp (92 kW) per litre output.[22][6][23][24][25]
Other Porsche models that use flat-six engines are the 1970–1972 Porsche 914/6 (mid-engine), the 1986–1993 Porsche 959 (rear-engine), and the 1996–2021 Porsche Boxster/Cayman (mid-engine).[26][27][28]
The Porsche 962 sports prototype also used a twin-turbocharged flat-six engine.[29][30][31][32]
Applications
Road cars
Porsche
- 1963–present Porsche 911
- 1963–1989 original Porsche 911
- 1989–1993 Porsche 964
- 1994–1998 Porsche 993
- 1997–2006 Porsche 996
- 2004–2013 Porsche 997
- 2011–2019 Porsche 991
- 2019–present Porsche 992
- 1970–1972 Porsche 914/6[33]
- 1986–1993 Porsche 959
- 1996–present Porsche Boxster[34]
- 2005–present Porsche Cayman[35]
Others
- 2014–2018 W Motors Lykan HyperSport
- 2019–present W Motors Fenyr SuperSport
Race cars
- Porsche 914/6 GT
- Porsche 934[36][37]
- Porsche 934/5[38]
- Porsche 935[39][40][41][42][43][44]
- Porsche 936
- Porsche 956
- Porsche 961
- Porsche 962
- Porsche WSC-95
- Porsche 911 GT1
- Porsche 911 GT2
- Porsche 911 GT3[45]
- Porsche 911 RSR
- Porsche 911 RSR-19
- Riley MkXI/Riley MkXX/Riley MkXXII/Riley MkXXVI
References
- ^ "Porsche's new 4.0-litre flat-six has "a lot of room" for more power". 22 July 2019. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ^ "How Porsche's brilliant air-cooled flat-six engine thrived for three decades". 3 October 2019. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
- ^ "GT3 Engine Displacement". Performance Developments. Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2024..
- ^ "Porsche twin-cam 6-cylinder engine". 19 January 2018. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ "Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.2 could get 518bhp from enlarged flat six". Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ a b "Flat Sixy: The Evolution of the Porsche 911 in the U.S." 13 December 2013. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
- ^ "The Porsche Flat-Six Engine". Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
- ^ "Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG". Production anniversary of the Porsche 911. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
- ^ "1963 – 1964 Porsche 911 (901) @ Top Speed". Top Speed. 10 August 2015. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
- ^ "Flat Sixy: The Evolution of Porsche 911 Engine Size, Technology, and Output in the U.S." www.caranddriver.com. 13 December 2013. Archived from the original on 21 September 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
- ^ House, © Future Publishing Limited Quay; Ambury, The; Engl, Bath BA1 1UA All rights reserved; number 2008885, Wales company registration (18 November 2015). "Flat six engine: A Porsche 911 history". Total 911. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "How Porsche's brilliant air-cooled flat-six engine thrived for three decades". Hagerty Media. 3 October 2019. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
- ^ "Flat Six Innovations – Porsche Engine Experts". Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
- ^ "The flat engine tradition". Porsche Newsroom. 3 July 2018. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
- ^ "Here's Why Porsche Uses Flat Engines". HotCars. 21 August 2021. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
- ^ "The Porsche Flat-Six Engine". myautoworld.com. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
- ^ "The flat engine tradition". 3 July 2018. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
- ^ a b The Gary Stock Company + Porsche Cars North America, Inc. "Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0: Biggest 911 Engine Ever Offered". Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
- ^ "Porsche AG: Limited edition racing car: 911 GT3 RS 4.0 – Porsche USA". Porsche HOME: Limited edition racing car: 911 GT3 RS 4.0 – Porsche USA. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ^ "evo – Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0 news, pictures and video". Evo. 27 April 2011. Archived from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2001.
- ^ "evo – Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0 news, pictures and video". Evo. 28 April 2011. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
- ^ autoblog.com/2011/04/28/video-porsche-911-gt3-rs-4-0-takes-to-the-track/
- ^ "Porsche's new 4.0-litre flat-six has "a lot of room" for more power". WhichCar. 22 July 2019. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ^ "2018 Porsche 911 GT3 gets 500-hp 4.0-liter engine, six-speed manual". Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ^ "How does Porsche consistently improve its NA flat-six? Clever engineering". 25 February 2021. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ^ "Under the skin: How Porsche revived flat-six engines for the 718". Autocar. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
- ^ "Flat 6 The Cream of The Crop". Porsche Hangout. 23 September 2016. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
- ^ "Porsche 718 Boxster GTS 4.0 – Porsche USA". Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ^ "Porsche 956/962 engines – Group C vs IMSA". 26 July 2019. Archived from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
- ^ "1986 Porsche 962C | Porsche". 27 April 2016. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
- ^ "Dr. Ing. H.c. F. Porsche AG". Archived from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
- ^ "Mulsanne's Corner: 1984–1995 Porsche 962 and 962C". Archived from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
- ^ "Porsche 914 2.0 Technical Specs, Dimensions". Archived from the original on 15 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ ""Engine of the Year Award" for the 2.7-litre flat-six engine, – Dr. Ing. H.c. F. Porsche AG Press Database". Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ "Stuttgart's new screaming six is an 8000rpm party". 18 June 2019. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ "Porsche 934". 22 April 2010. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "1976 Porsche 934 | Porsche". 27 April 2016. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Why the Porsche 911 GTS Targa isn't a proper GTS". Total 911. 15 January 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Porsche 935 – Sensational Racing Cars That Dominated Global Motorsport". 12 January 2021. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Guide: Porsche 935/76". 9 April 2021. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "1976 Porsche 935/76 | Porsche". 27 April 2016. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "The Porsche 935 Baby raced, won, then immediately retired". Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Porsche 935/2.0 'Baby'". 29 December 2017. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ Szymkowski, Sean. "Gone whaling: Only street-legal Porsche 935 ever built now for sale". Motor Authority. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "2019 911 GT3 RS Technical Specifications" (PDF). Porsche. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
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