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  1. World Encyclopedia
  2. Prototocyon - Wikipedia
Prototocyon - Wikipedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Extinct genus of carnivores
Not to be confused with Protocyon.

Prototocyon
Temporal range: Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene
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Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Canidae
Genus: †Prototocyon
Pohle, 1928
Type species
†Prototocyon curvipalatus
Bose, 1880
Species
  • P. curvipalatus
  • P. recki
Synonyms
  • Sivacyon

Prototocyon is an extinct genus of small omnivorous canid that lived during the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene.[1] It is closely related to the living bat-eared fox (Otocyon).

Taxonomy

[edit]

Prototocyon was named by Pohle (1928) and was assigned to Canidae by Carroll (1988).[2] Old literature relates it to Vulpes bengalensis, but not more modern literature (e.g. McKenna and Bell.[3][4] A 2013 study stated that the genus "is only doubtfully distinct from Otocyon" the genus of the living bat-eared fox.[5]

Description

[edit]
Prototocyon is closely related and likely looked similar to the living bat-eared fox

Prototocyon was a small canine similar to the bat-eared fox in overall morphology and likely in habits as well. It differed from the modern bat-eared fox mainly in its more primitive dentition.[6]

Fossil distribution

[edit]

Fossil remains of P. curvipalatus were recovered from the early Pleistocene Upper Siwaliks horizon of the Siwalik Hills, India (Colbert 1935; Pilgrim 1932).

Fossils of P recki have been found in the Olduvai Gorge area of Tanzania.[6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H.; Antón, Mauricio. Dogs: their fossil relatives and evolutionary history.
  2. ^ Carroll, R. L. (1988). Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. W.H. Freeman and Company.
  3. ^ McKenna, M. C.; Bell, S. K. (1997). Classification of mammals above the species level. New York: Columbia University Press.
  4. ^ Gompper, Matthew E.; Vanak, Abi Tamim (9 August 2006). Mammalian Species No. 795, pp. 1–5, 3 figs. Vulpes bengalensis (PDF). American Society of Mammalogists. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-21.
  5. ^ Hartstone-Rose, Adam; Kuhn, Brian F.; Nalla, Shahed; Werdelin, Lars; Berger, Lee R. (February 2013). "A new species of fox from the Australopithecus sediba type locality, Malapa, South Africa". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 68 (1): 1–9. Bibcode:2013TRSSA..68....1H. doi:10.1080/0035919X.2012.748698. ISSN 0035-919X.
  6. ^ a b Werdelin, Lars; Sanders, William Joseph (2010). Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press. p. 612. ISBN 9780520257214.
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Extinct Canidae
  • Kingdom Animalia
  • Phylum Chordata
  • Class Mammalia
  • Order: Carnivora
  • Suborder: Caniformia
Canidae
Canidae
  • †Prohesperocyon
†Hesperocyoninae
  • Hesperocyon
  • Mesocyon
  • Cynodesmus
  • Sunkahetanka
  • Philotrox
  • Enhydrocyon
  • Paraenhydrocyon
  • Caedocyon
  • Ectopocynus
Osbornodon
  • O. brachypus
  • O. fricki
  • O. iamonensis
  • O. renjiei
  • O. sesnoni
  • O. scitulus
  • O. wangi
†Borophaginae
  • Archaeocyon
  • Oxetocyon
  • Otarocyon
  • Rhizocyon
Phlaocyonini
  • Cynarctoides
Phlaocyon
  • P. achoros
  • P. annectens
  • P. latidens
  • P. leucosteus
  • P. mariae
  • P. marslandensis
  • P. minor
  • P. multicuspus
  • P. taylori
  • P. yatkolai
Borophagini
  • Cormocyon
  • Desmocyon
  • Metatomarctus
  • Euoplocyon
  • Psalidocyon
  • Microtomarctus
  • Protomarctus
  • Tephrocyon
Cynarctina
  • Paracynarctus
  • Cynarctus
Aelurodontina
  • Tomarctus
  • Aelurodon
Borophagina
  • Paratomarctus
  • Carpocyon
  • Protepicyon
  • Epicyon
Borophagus
  • B. diversidens
  • B. dudleyi
  • B. hilli
  • B. littoralis
  • B. orc
  • B. parvus
  • B. pugnator
  • B. secundus
Caninae
    • see below↓
Mesocyon

Aelurodon

Epicyon haydeni
Caninae
Caninae
  • †Leptocyon
  • †Metalopex
Urocyon
  • †U. citrinus
  • †U. galushai
  • †U. minicephalus
  • †U. progressus
  • †U. webbi
Vulpini
  • †Ferrucyon
  • †Prototocyon
Nyctereutes
(raccoon dogs)
  • †N. abdeslami
  • †N. donnezani
  • †N. lockwoodi
  • †N. megamastoides
  • †N. sinensis
  • †N. tingi
  • †N. vinetorum
Vulpes
(true foxes)
  • †V. hassani
  • †V. odessana
  • †V. praeglacialis
  • †V. qiuzhudingi
  • †V. riffautae
  • †V. rooki
  • †V. skinneri
  • †V. stenognathus
Canini (true dogs)
  • †Canis gezi
  • †Nurocyon
Cerdocyonina
(zorro)
  • †Protocyon
  • †Theriodictis
Speothos
  • †Pleistocene bush dog (S. pacivorus)
†Dusicyon
  • Falkland Islands wolf (D. australis)
  • D. avus
  • D. cultridens
Lycalopex
(South American foxes)
  • †L. cultridens (?)
  • †L. ensenadensis
Canina (wolf-like canids)
    • see below↓
Nyctereutes donnezani

Vulpes praeglacialis

Falkland Islands wolf (Dusicyon australis)
Canina (wolf-like canids)
Canina
  • †Dire wolf (Aenocyon)
  • †Sardinian dhole (Cynotherium)
  • †Trinil dog (Mececyon)
  • †Merriam's dog (Megacyon)
  • †Xenocyon
†Eucyon
  • E. davisi
  • E. debonisi
  • E. ferox
  • E. intrepidus
  • E. khoikhoi
  • E. kuta
  • E. marinae
  • E. minor
  • E. monticinensis
  • E. skinneri
  • E. wokari
  • E. zhoui
Lycaon
  • †L. magnus
  • †L. sekowei
Dhole (Cuon alpinus)
  • †C. a. antiquus
  • †C. a. caucasicus
  • †European dhole (C. a. europaeus)
  • †Tien Shan dhole (C. a. hesperius)
Canis
  • †C. adoxus
  • †C. antonii
  • †C. apolloniensis
  • †Armbruster's wolf (C. armbrusteri)
  • †C. arnensis
  • †C. borjgali
  • †C. cedazoensis
  • †C. chihliensis
  • †Edward's wolf (C. edwardii)
  • †Etruscan wolf (C. etruscus)
  • †C. lepophagus
  • †Mosbach wolf (C. mosbachensis)
  • †C. nehringi
  • †C. palmidens
  • †C. variabilis
Coyote (C. latrans)
  • †Pleistocene coyote (C. l. orcutti)
Red wolf (C. rufus)
  • †Florida black wolf (C. r. floridanus)
  • †Texas red wolf (C. r. rufus)
Wolf (C. lupus)
†Prehistoric
  • C. l. bohemica
  • C. l. lunellensis
  • C. l. maximus
  • C. l. santenaisiensis
  • Cave wolf (C. l. spelaeus)
  • Beringian wolf
†Recently
extinct
  • Sicilian wolf (C. l. cristaldii)
  • Hokkaido wolf (C. l. hattai)
  • Japanese wolf (C. l. hodophilax)
  • Austro-Hungarian wolf
  • Synonymized under C. l. arctos: Bernard's wolf (C. l. bernardi)
  • Synonymized under C. l. occidentalis: Kenai Peninsula wolf (C. l. alces)
  • Manitoba wolf (C. l. griseoalbus)
  • Synonymized under C. l. nubilus: Newfoundland wolf (C. l. beothucus)
  • Cascade mountain wolf (C. l. fuscus)
  • Mogollon mountain wolf (C. l. mogollonensis)
  • Texas wolf (C. l. monstrabilis)
  • Southern Rocky Mountain wolf (C. l. youngi)
Dire wolf (Aenocyon dirus)

European dhole (Cuon alpinus europaeus) Mosbach wolf (Canis mosbachensis)

Cave wolf (Canis lupus spelaeus)
  • See also: Evolution of the wolf
  • Category:Extinct canids
Taxon identifiers
Prototocyon
  • Wikidata: Q7252154
  • GBIF: 4833530
  • IRMNG: 1042995
  • Open Tree of Life: 3612627
  • Paleobiology Database: 41240
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Retrieved from "https://teknopedia.ac.id/w/index.php?title=Prototocyon&oldid=1312217871"
Categories:
  • Vulpini
  • Prehistoric canines
  • Pleistocene carnivorans
  • Pleistocene mammals of Asia
  • Pleistocene mammals of Africa
  • Fossil taxa described in 1880
  • Fossil taxa described in 1928
  • Prehistoric carnivoran genera
  • Prehistoric carnivoran stubs
  • Canid stubs
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