From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pretended but not actual scholarship
Pseudo-scholarship (from pseudo- and scholarship) is a term used to describe work (e.g., publication, lecture) or a body of work that is presented as, but is not, the product of rigorous and objective study or research; the act of producing such work; or the pretended learning upon which it is based.[1]
Examples of pseudo-scholarship include:
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Jerome V. Jacobsen, "Notes and Comment:
Pseudo-scholarship", Mid-America: An Historical Review, Volumes 23–24, (Chicago: Loyola University, 1941) p. 315
- Steve J. Stern, "Between Tragedy and Promise", in Gilbert Michael Joseph, Reclaiming the Political in Latin American History (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2001) p. 33
- Shaye J. D. Cohen, "In Memoriam Morton Smith", in Shaye J. D. Cohen, Studies in the Cult of Yahweh, Vol. 2: New Testament, Early Christianity, & Magic (Leiden: BRILL, 1996) p. 285
- ^ Marshall Fishwick, American Studies in Transition (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1969) p. 265-266
- ^ Jeremy Bernstein, A Comprehensible World: On Modern Science and Its Origins, 2nd ed. (New York: Random House, 1967) p. 193
External links
[edit]Look up pseudo-scholarship in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Media related to Pseudo-scholarship at Wikimedia Commons
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url
url