Psidium oligospermum

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Psidium oligospermum - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Psidium oligospermum

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Myrtales
Family:	Myrtaceae
Genus:	Psidium
Species:	P. oligospermum
Binomial name
*Psidium oligospermum* Mart. ex DC. (1828)
Synonyms^[1]
Synonymy Calycorectes protractus Griseb. (1866) Calyptranthes eugenioides Cambess. (1833) Calyptranthes tonduzii Donn.Sm. (1896) Calyptropsidium sartorianum (O.Berg) Krug & Urb. (1895) Calyptropsidium sintenisii Kiaersk. (1890) Chytraculia eugenioides (Cambess.) Kuntze (1891) Chytraculia gardneriana (O.Berg) Kuntze (1891) Chytraculia sartoriana (O.Berg) Kuntze (1891) Guajava oligosperma (Mart. ex DC.) Kuntze (1891) Mitranthes eugenioides (Cambess.) O.Berg (1856) Mitranthes eugenioides var. oblongifolia O.Berg (1857) Mitranthes eugenioides var. ovata O.Berg (1857) Mitranthes gardneriana O.Berg (1857) Mitranthes sartoriana O.Berg (1858) Mitropsidium eugenioides (Cambess.) Burret (1941) Mitropsidium gardnerianum (O.Berg) Burret (1941) Mitropsidium oblanceolatum Burret (1941) Mitropsidium oligospermum (Mart. ex DC.) Burret (1941) Mitropsidium pittieri Burret (1941) Mitropsidium sartorianum (O.Berg) Burret (1941) Mitropsidium sintenisii (Kiaersk.) Burret (1941) Myrtus claraensis (Urb.) Bisse (1976 publ. 1977) Psidium calyptranthoides Alain (1983) Psidium ciliatum O.Berg (1856), nom. illeg. Psidium claraense Urb. (1928) Psidium eugenioides (Cambess.) Nied. (1893), nom. illeg. Psidium galapagaeum Hook.f. (1847) Psidium galapagaeum var. howellii D.M.Porter (1969) Psidium microphyllum Britton (1930) Psidium minutiflorum Amshoff (1950) Psidium molinae Amshoff (1956) Psidium protractum (Griseb.) Lundell (1974) Psidium sartorianum (O.Berg) Nied. (1893) Psidium sartorianum var. yucatanense McVaugh (1963) Psidium sintenisii (Kiaersk.) Alain (1971) Psidium socorrense I.M.Johnst. (1931) Psidium solisii Standl. (1944) Psidium yucatanense Lundell (1942)

Psidium oligospermum, the Galápagos guava or guayabillo,^[2] is a small tree or shrub native to the tropical Americas, ranging from Mexico through the Revillagigedo Islands, Central America, Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Windward Islands, the Galápagos Islands, and South America to central Brazil and northwestern Argentina.^[1]

Description

Psidium oligospermum is either a small tree or shrub that ranges up to 8 m (26 ft) in height and up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in diameter, with smooth, pinkish-grey bark. It has wide-spreading branches with dotted grey branchlets with reddish to white or yellowish "trichomes" or hairs. The branchlets tend to become more smooth at the edges and the bark more stringy, and the terminal branchlets and leaves are sometimes covered with a scurfy reddish bloom.^[3]

Its leaves are opposite and elliptic to ovate, with the tips of the leaves being acute to acuminate. The base of the leaf is narrowly cuneate and is decurrent on the stalk of the leaf. The entire leaf is glabrous and is generally darker on the upper face and paler on the other side. The leaves are generally 21–54 mm (0.83–2.13 in) long and 9–26 mm (0.35–1.02 in) wide, and the petioles, or leaf stalks, are generally 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) long.^[3]

The buds of Psidium oligospermum are pear-shaped or "pyriform" and connected to the base of the branchlet, extending about 1–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) out. The bud is glabrous except for a minute hole at the apex with a few trichomes protruding 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) outward.^[3]

Flowers are white, occur on branches of recent growth, and are relatively small, being 1–1.5 cm (0.39–0.59 in) in diameter. Its berries are spherical in shape and are glabrous except for ripples created from glands in the berries. The berries are yellow when mature and turn black or a reddish-brown when dried. They are 6–13 mm (0.24–0.51 in) in diameter and the "pericarp", or wall of the berry is about 1 mm (0.039 in) thick. The seeds are angular, dark, and 5 mm (0.20 in) long, and each locule contains several.^[3]

Habitat and ecology

In the Galápagos Islands Psidium oligspermum is found on the islands Fernandina, Isabella, Pinta, Santa Cruz, and Santiago. It typically grows in arid lowlands and moist uplands.^[4]

On Socorro Island in the Revillagigedo Islands, it is a canopy tree in upper-elevation Ilex socorroensis forest, with Ilex socorroensis, Guettarda insularis, and Sideroxylon socorrense.^[5]

Uses

The berries of Psidium oligospermum are edible, reportedly with a slight taste of turpentine,^[6] and geese are reported to frequently consume the berries.^[3] The wood of the tree is used locally in the Galápagos Islands as fencing or a building material, but is not very hardy nor enduring.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b Psidium oligospermum Mart. ex DC. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
^ John C. Kricher (2006) Galápagos: A Natural History p. 34
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Duncan M. Porter (1968) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden: Psidium (Myrtaceae) in the Galapagos Islands Vol. 55, No. 3, p. 368-371
^ Conley K. McMullen (1991) Flowering Plants of the Galápagos p. 83
^ Ricardo Rodriguez-Estrella, Eustolia Mata, Laura Rivera, Ecological Notes on the Green Parakeet of Isla Socorro, Mexico, The Condor, Volume 94, Issue 2, 1 May 1992, Pages 523–525, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369224
^ Botanical label given by Ericsson (1947)
^ Julian Fitter, Daniel Fitter, David Hosking (2002) Wildlife of the Galápagos: Second Edition

Taxon identifiers
Psidium oligospermum	Wikidata: Q15380016 CoL: 4PFYB GBIF: 5420363 iNaturalist: 1114331 IPNI: 600952-1 IUCN: 155636098 NCBI: 2743285 Open Tree of Life: 3935656 Plant List: kew-166853 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:600952-1 Tropicos: 22101562 WFO: wfo-0000284543
Psidium galapageium	Wikidata: Q25698326 ARKive: psidium-galapageium GBIF: 7330673 iNaturalist: 62856 IPNI: 317750-2 NCBI: 2292686 Open Tree of Life: 5795269 Tropicos: 22105643

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