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Psittacanthus

Psittacanthus robustus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Santalales
Family:	Loranthaceae
Genus:	Psittacanthus Mart.
Species
See text

Psittacanthus, also parrot-flower, is a plant genus in the family Loranthaceae. It is a type of mistletoe native from central Mexico southwards to Central America and parts of South America.^[1]

It differs from most other Loranthaceae genera by its large flowers and bulky haustorial connections to its host, and by its large fruits.^[2] Its flowers frequently "light up the host tree in brilliant hues of red or red and yellow".^[2]

Life cycle

From inoculation of a branch with the seed to production of new seed on the plant requires about five years.^[3] Psittacanthus is dispersed by birds feeding on fruits and defecating on branches. Once the mistletoe is established, it flowers yearly.^[3] A five-year study of Psittacanthus calyculatus on Pinus douglasiana found that only five months after the sticky seed has inoculated the host tree, are the first true leaves produced.^[3] In the May of the fourth year after infection, the shoots start to produce flower bud full flowering and pollination occurring in November and December.^[3] (Hummingbirds and passerines are thought to be the pollinators.^[3]) Fruit maturation takes about a year and occurs from November to February of the fifth year. The long life cycle means that infestations may be relatively easily controlled when trees are to be harvested for forestry.^[3]

Accepted species^[4]

Psittacanthus acinarius (Mart.) Mart.
Psittacanthus amazonicus (Ule) Kuijt
Psittacanthus americanus (L.) Mart.
Psittacanthus angustifolius Kuijt
Psittacanthus auriculatus (Oliv.) Eichler
Psittacanthus bicalyculatus (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Mart.
Psittacanthus biternatus (Hoffmanns.) G.Don
Psittacanthus brachynema Eichler
Psittacanthus brasiliensis (Desr.) G.Don
Psittacanthus breedlovei Kuijt
Psittacanthus calcaratus A.C.Sm.
Psittacanthus calyculatus (DC.) G.Don
Psittacanthus cardiphyllus (Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Eichler
Psittacanthus chanduyensis Eichler
Psittacanthus cinctus (Mart.) Mart.
Psittacanthus circulatus Rizzini
Psittacanthus clusiifolius Eichler
Psittacanthus coccineus Pacz.
Psittacanthus cordatus (Hoffmanns. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) G.Don
Psittacanthus cordiae K.Krause
Psittacanthus costanensis Steyerm.
Psittacanthus crassifolius Mart.
Psittacanthus cucullaris (Lam.) G.Don

Psittacanthus montis-neblinae Rizzini
Psittacanthus nodosissimus Rizzini
Psittacanthus nudus (Ant.Molina) Kuijt & Feuer
Psittacanthus oblongifolius (Rusby) Kuijt
Psittacanthus palmeri (S.Watson) Barlow & Wiens
Psittacanthus pangui Kuijt
Psittacanthus paxianus (Patsch.) Kuijt
Psittacanthus peculiaris A.C.Sm.
Psittacanthus peronopetalus Eichler
Psittacanthus pinicola Kuijt
Psittacanthus ramiflorus (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) G.Don
Psittacanthus rhynchanthus (Benth.) Kuijt
Psittacanthus robustus (Mart.) Marloth
Psittacanthus scheryi Woodson
Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Schltdl. & Cham.) G.Don
Psittacanthus sonorae (S.Watson) Kuijt
Psittacanthus subalatus K.Krause
Psittacanthus truncatus Kuijt
Psittacanthus tumbecensis (Killip) J.F.Macbr.
Psittacanthus wiensii Kuijt
Psittacanthus zonatus (Diels) Kuijt

Etymology

Psittacanthos comes from the Greek psittakos (parrot), and the Greek anthos (flower), possibly chosen, according to Don,^[5] because of the bright colours.

References

^ Vázquez Collazo, I. & Geils, B.W. 2002. "Mistletoes of North American Conifers, Chapter 2: Psittacanthus in Mexico" (PDF). United States Forest Service. 2002. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
^ ^a ^b Kuijt, J. 2009. "Monograph of Psittacanthus (Loranthaceae)." Systematic Botany Monographs, vol. 86, pp. 1–361. JSTOR Retrieved 20 June 2018
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Vasquez Collazo, I. & Geils, B.W. 2002. Chapter 2 Psittacanthus in Mexico. In 'Mistletoes of North American Conifers.'doi:10.2737/RMRS-GTR-98 [www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr098/rmrs_gtr098_009_017.pdf pdf]{
^ Govaerts, R. et.al. 2018. Psittacanthus Plants of the World online, Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
^ Don, G. 1834. A general history of the dichlamydeous plants :comprising complete descriptions of the different orders...the whole arranged according to the natural system 3: 415. Vol. 1834 v.3. 1834.

External links

Media related to Psittacanthus at Wikimedia Commons

Distribution of Psittacanthus sonorae: http://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/taxa/index.php?taxon=Psittacanthus+sonorae

Taxon identifiers
Psittacanthus	Wikidata: Q7256087 Wikispecies: Psittacanthus BOLD: 430534 CoL: 74BY EoL: 5607278 EPPO: 1PSAG GBIF: 7287854 GRIN: 10050 iNaturalist: 184822 IPNI: 30008657-2 IRMNG: 1322610 NCBI: 50160 Open Tree of Life: 752545 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30008657-2 Tropicos: 40019059 WFO: wfo-4000031811

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Life cycle

Accepted species[4]

Etymology

References

External links

Accepted species^[4]