RNCHAMPS (pronounced "R, N, champs") is a mnemonic acronym used to recall the types of shock. The mnemonic is alternately known as CRAMPS NH ("Cramps, New Hampshire") or NH-CRAMPS ("New Hampshire cramps").[1] Its utility in distinguishing types of shock has been discussed in medical literature and reference material concerning emergency medicine,[1] emergency medical services,[2] fire rescue,[3] and specialized courses such as the Comprehensive Advanced Life Support Program.[4]
The acronym
| Component of acronym | Examples: Traumatic Causes | Examples: Medical Causes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| R | Respiratory | Flail chest; tension pneumothorax; pleural effusion[2] | Hypoxemia due to COPD, asthma, pulmonary edema[2] |
| N | Neurogenic | Traumatic brain injury; cervical or high thoracic spinal cord injury | |
| C | Cardiogenic | Cardiac tamponade; tension pneumothorax; pulmonary embolism[5] | Left ventricular myocardial infarction; cardiomyopathy; bradydysrhythmias[5][6] |
| H | Hypovolemic | Hemorrhage; burns (due to third spacing)[6] | Dehydration; diarrheal diseases; aortic aneurysm[6] |
| A | Anaphylactic | Anaphylaxis[7] | |
| M | Metabolic | Hypoventilation due to traumatic brain injury or tension pneumothorax[8] | Diabetic ketoacidosis; hypoventilation due to COPD, asthma, or severe pneumonia[8] |
| P | Psychogenic | Sudden emotional stimulus, i.e. terror, elation, or surprise[6] | |
| S | Septic | Osteomyelitis; infections secondary to burns[9] | Meningitis; bacteremia; pyelonephritis; upper respiratory infection[9] |
Alternatives
The Comprehensive Advanced Life Support (CALS) Program uses a slightly different acronym called "SHRIMPCAN."[4] This acronym adds the letter "I", which stands for "Ingestions" (drug overdoses). The remainder of the letters in the acronym stand for the same components as the RNCHAMPS mnemonic.[4]
References
- ^ a b Emergency: Volume 28, Issues 7-12. Bobit Publishing Company. 1996. p. 28.
- ^ a b c Mistovich, Joseph J.; Karren, Keith J.; Hafen, Brent (July 18, 2013). Prehospital Emergency Care (10th ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0133369137.
- ^ Roosevelt, Jason (July 3, 2008). "Mobility and Movement: Shock". Phoenix Fire Department. p. 197.
- ^ a b c Comprehensive Advanced Life Support Provider Manual. Vol. 3rd (14th ed.). Comprehensive Advanced Life Support Program. January 2016. p. 693. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
- ^ a b Harjola VP, Lassus J 2015; et al. (2015). "Clinical picture and risk prediction of short-term mortality in cardiogenic shock" (PDF). European Journal of Heart Failure. 17 (5): 501–509. doi:10.1002/ejhf.260. hdl:11573/910722. PMID 25820680. S2CID 39258741.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d Snyder, Ed; Walker, Melanie. "Shock" (PDF). Huntington Memorial Hospital. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 9, 2017. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
- ^ Kounis NG, Soufras GD, et al. (2013). "Anaphylactic Shock: Kounis Hypersensitivity-Associated Syndrome Seems to be the Primary Cause". North American Journal of Medical Sciences. 5 (11). United States National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health: 631–636. doi:10.4103/1947-2714.122304. PMC 3877435. PMID 24404540.
- ^ a b Vincent J-L; De Backer D 2013 (2013). "Circulatory Shock" (PDF). New England Journal of Medicine. 369 (18): 1726–1734. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1208943. PMID 24171518. S2CID 6900105. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-23.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Angus DC; van der Poll, T 2013 (Aug 2013). "Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock". New England Journal of Medicine. 369 (9): 840–851. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1208623. PMID 23984731.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
