Oriental giant squirrel

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Oriental giant squirrels Temporal range: Middle Miocene to Recent

Indian giant squirrel (Ratufa indica)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Rodentia
Family:	Sciuridae
Subfamily:	Ratufinae Moore, 1959
Genus:	Ratufa J. E. Gray, 1867
Species
Ratufa affinis Ratufa bicolor Ratufa indica Ratufa macroura
Synonyms
Eoscuirus Rukaia

Oriental giant squirrels are cat-sized tree squirrels from the genus Ratufa in the subfamily Ratufinae. They are a distinctive element of the fauna of south and southeast Asia.

Species

There are four living species of oriental giant squirrels:

Common name	Scientific name	Distribution
Cream-coloured giant squirrel	Ratufa affinis	Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra (Indonesia), Borneo (Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia)
Black giant squirrel	Ratufa bicolor	Northern Bangladesh, northeast India, eastern Nepal, Bhutan, southern China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Vietnam, and western Indonesia (Java, Sumatra, Bali and nearby small islands)
Indian giant squirrel	Ratufa indica	India.
Grizzled giant squirrel	Ratufa macroura	Southern India, Sri Lanka

In prehistoric times this lineage was more widespread. For example, animals very similar to Ratufa and possibly belonging to this genus, at least belonging to the Ratufinae, were part of the early Langhian (Middle Miocene, some 16–15.2 million years ago) Hambach fauna of Germany.^[1]

References

^ Gee, Carole T.; Sander, P. Martin; Petzelberger, Bianka E .M. (2003). "A Miocene rodent nut cache in coastal dunes of the Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany". Palaeontology. 46 (6): 1133–1149. doi:10.1046/j.0031-0239.2003.00337.x.

Extant species of family Sciuridae (subfamilies Ratufinae and Sciurillinae)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Sciuromorpha

Ratufinae
(Oriental giant squirrels)

Ratufa	Cream-coloured giant squirrel (Ratufa affinis) Black giant squirrel (Ratufa bicolor) Indian giant squirrel (Ratufa indica) Grizzled giant squirrel (Ratufa macroura)

Sciurillinae

Sciurillus	Neotropical pygmy squirrel (Sciurillus pusillus)

Category

Sciuromorpha

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia

†Allomyidae

Aplodontiidae

†Altasciurus
†Ameniscomys
†Ansomys
Aplodontia
†Dakotallomys
†Disallomys
†Ephemeromys
†Haplomys
†Leptoromys
†Liodontia
†Meniscomys
†Niglarodon
†Ninamys
†Oligopetes
†Paracitellus
†Paransomys
†Proansomys
†Prosciurus
†Pseudaplodon
†Sciurodon
†Selenomys
†Sewelleladon
†Tardontia
†Trigonomys

Gliridae

†Bransatoglirinae	Bransatoglis Oligodyromys
Glirinae	Glirulus Glis
Graphiurinae	Graphiurus
Leithiinae	Chaetocauda Dryomys Eliomys †Hypnomys †Leithia Muscardinus Myomimus Selevinia

†Mylagaulidae

Galbreathia
†Mesogaulinae	Mesogaulus
†Mylagaulinae	Alphagaulus Ceratogaulus Hesperogaulus Mylagaulus Notogaulus Pterogaulus Umbogaulus
†Promylagaulinae	Crucimys Promylagaulus Simpligaulus Trilaccogaulus

†Reithroparamyidae

Reithroparamys
Uriscus

Sciuridae

Callosciurinae

Callosciurini	Callosciurus Dremomys Exilisciurus Glyphotes Hyosciurus Lariscus Menetes Nannosciurus Prosciurillus Rhinosciurus Rubrisciurus Sundasciurus Tamiops
Funambulini	Funambulus

†Cedromurinae

Cedromus
Oligospermophilus

Ratufinae

Ratufa

Sciurillinae

Sciurillus

Sciurinae

Pteromyini	Aeretes Aeromys Belomys Biswamoyopterus Eoglaucomys Eupetaurus Glaucomys Hylopetes Iomys †Miopetaurista †Neopetes Petaurillus Petaurista Petinomys †Pliopetaurista Priapomys Pteromys Pteromyscus Trogopterus
Sciurini	†Douglassciurus †Freudenthalia Guerlinguetus Microsciurus †Miosciurus †Plesiosciurus †Protosciurus Rheithrosciurus Sciurus Syntheosciurus

Xerinae

Marmotini	Ammospermophilus †Arctomyoides Callospermophilus Cynomys Eutamias Ictidomys Marmota †Miospermophilus Neotamias Notocitellus †Nototamias Otospermophilus †Paenamarmota †Palaearctomys †Palaeosciurus Poliocitellus †Protospermophilus Sciurotamias †Spermophilinus Spermophilus Tamias Urocitellus Xerospermophilus
Protoxerini	Epixerus Funisciurus Heliosciurus Myosciurus Paraxerus Protoxerus
Xerini	†Aragoxerus Atlantoxerus Euxerus Geosciurus †Heteroxerus Spermophilopsis Xerus

Taxon identifiers
Ratufa	Wikidata: Q858747 Wikispecies: Ratufa ADW: Ratufa BOLD: 708264 CoL: 642K6 EoL: 41956 GBIF: 2437562 iNaturalist: 46029 IRMNG: 1087908 ITIS: 632299 MSW: 12400003 NCBI: 226820 Open Tree of Life: 1054153 Paleobiology Database: 41521

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